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Keynote at AgileRoots 2014. "People As the Conveyor of Knowledge" Agile can learn more from Ikujiro Nonaka's Knowlege Creation Theory. 1. Scrum 2. SECI-model 3. Fractal Organization 4. Phronetic Leadership
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People as the Conveyorof Knowledge
Leaning from Prof. Nonaka,Grandfather of Scrum
Kenji HiranabeBy Yasunobu Kawaguchi
“Thank you for ComingAll the way from Japan“Award from Alistair
Kenji HIRANABE(1/2)
• (co-)Translator of …
OO, UML books Mind Map book
XP/ Agile books• (co-)Author of …
C++ book
Scrum book
Agile and Scrum:Collaborative Software
Development That Connects Customers, Engineers and
Management
Kenji HIRANABE(2/2)• CEO of Astah.net.• astah – UML Mind Mapping integrated editor
– With ERD, SysML
– http://astah. net/
– Runs on• PC, Mac, Linux, iPad
Hello,!I’m from Japan.
Seven Samurai, 1954
Directed by Akira Kurosawa
Starring Toshiro Mifune, …
The Magnificent Seven, 1960
Directed by John Eliot Sturges
Starring Yul Brynner,
Steve McQueen,…
http://noisepicnic.com/podcasts/double-bill/sevensamuraimagnificentseven
Start Wars, 1977
Directed by George Lucas
Starring Harrison Ford
http://screenaddict.wordpress.com/2010/02/22/the-hidden-fortress/
The Hidden Fortress, 1958
Directed by Akira Kurosawa
Starring Toshiro Mifune, …
Japan’s Influence toLean and Agile
10
Do you know where the word “Scrum” came from ?
Toyota Production System
Lean
Lean Software Development
Kanban
Lean Startup
Agile
ScrumXP
The New New Product Development Game
Four steps to the epiphany
Agile and Lean
Startup
Patterns
Manufacturing Industry in Japan
2013 Yasunobu Kawaguchi
1
2
Nonaka’s Scrum
Quote from the firstScrum Book
• “Agile Software Development with Scrum” (by Ken Schwaber, Mike Beedle) starts with the following quote.
The "relay race" approach to product development ... may conflict with the goals of maximum speed and flexibility. Instead a holistic or "rugby" approach – where the team tries to go the distance as a unit, passing the ball back and forth – may better serve today's competitive requirements.
-- “The New New Product Development Game”
Copyright © 2005-2007 Kenji HIRANABE, Some rights
reserved
16
http://www.publickey1.jp/blog/11/10_innovation_sprint_2011.html
Innovation Sprint 2011
Jeff Sutherland Ikujiro Nonaka
me
Nonaka’s Text Agile/Scrum (Software)
1993 Org. Patterns(by Jim Coplien) (at PLoP)
2001 “Agile Software Development with Scrum” (by Ken Schwaber, Mike Beedle)
“The Knowledge Creating Company”(HBR) 1991
SECI-model
アメリカ海兵隊 (U.S. Marine) 1995
FractalOrganization
1994/1 First Sprint of Scrum by Jeff Sutherland
Scrum Master1994/2 Second Sprint of Scrum (with Cope’s Ideas)
Daily Scrum
“The New New Product Development Game” 1986
“Scrum”
2012 “Software in 30 days”
“Wise Leadership”(HBR) 2010
PhroneticLeadership
“Managing Flow” 2008
2001 “The Agile Manifesto”
2013 “アジャイル開発とスクラム -顧客・技術・経営をつなぐ協調的ソフトウェエア開発”
Collaborative Software Development That Connects Customers, Engineers, and Management
2011 Innovation Sprint
Prof. Ikujiro Nonaka
1
The New New Product Development Game(HBR)
ScrumStop therelay race, take up rugby
2The Knowledge Creating Company
SECI-modelSpiral transformation ofExplicit knowledge and Tacit knowledge
3Managing Flow, The Wise Leadership(HBR)
PhronesisThe third knowledge type afterScience (explicit knowledge)And art (tact knowledge)
U.S. Marine
Fractal OrganizationSelf-similar structure at all levels
4
Where does “knowledge” come from ?
(SECI-Model)
Copyright Nonaka I. 2010
Two Types of Knowledge
Spiral up through Spiral up through dynamic interactiondynamic interaction
Analog-Digital SynthesisAnalog-Digital Synthesis
Objective and rational knowledge that can be expressed in words, sentences, numbers, or formulas (context-free)
Theoretical approachProblem solvingManualsDatabase
Objective and rational knowledge that can be expressed in words, sentences, numbers, or formulas (context-free)
Theoretical approachProblem solvingManualsDatabase
Subjective and experiential knowledge that can not be expressed in words, sentences, numbers, or Formulas (Context-specific)Cognitive Skills
beliefsimagesperspectivesmental models
Technical Skillscraftknow-how
Subjective and experiential knowledge that can not be expressed in words, sentences, numbers, or Formulas (Context-specific)Cognitive Skills
beliefsimagesperspectivesmental models
Technical Skillscraftknow-how
Tacit KnowledgeTacit Knowledge Explicit KnowledgeExplicit Knowledge
http://www.flickr.com/photos/visitabudhabi/6708954439/
Tacit Knowledge
Subjective and experiential knowledge that can not be expressed in words, sentences, numbers, or Formulas (Context-specific)
Explicit Knowledge
Objective and rational knowledge that can be expressed in words, sentences, numbers, or formulas (context-free)
http://www.flickr.com/photos/stuartpilbrow/4264302708/
“Sticky” Information
Product developers need two types of information in order to succeed at their work: need and context-of-use information (generated by users) and generic solution information (often initially generated by manufacturers specializing in a particular type of solution) Bringing these two types of information together is not easy. Both need information and solution information are often very “sticky”—that is, costly to move from the site where the information was generated to other sites….
-- “Democratizing Innovation” (by Eric Von Hippel)
SECI Model
Ex
plic
it
Explicit
Ta
cit
Tacit Tacit
Ex
plic
it
Explicit
Ta
citSocializationSocialization ExternalizationExternalization
InternalizationInternalization CombinationCombination
OG
E
I
Environment
Individual
I G
G
G
G
Org.
E
I
I
I
I
I
Group
IE O
Copyright Nonaka I. 2010
Copyright Nonaka I. 2010
Organizational Knowledge CreationSECI Model
Sharing and creating tacit knowledge through direct experience
I = Individual, G = Group, O = Organization, E = Environment
Learning and acquiring new tacit knowledge in practice
1. Perceiving reality as it is2. Sensing and Empathizing with others and the environment3. Transferring of tacit knowledge
9. Embodying explicit knowledge through action and reflection10. Using simulation and experiments
Articulating tacit knowledge through dialogue and reflection
4. Articulating tacit knowledge using symbolic language5. Translating tacit knowledge into a concept or prototypeSystemizing and applying explicit knowledge and information
6. Gathering and integrating explicit knowledge7. Breaking down the concept and finding relationships among the concepts8. Editing and systemizing explicit knowledge
Ex
plic
it
Explicit
Ta
cit
Tacit Tacit
Ex
plic
it
Explicit
Ta
cit
SocializationSocialization ExternalizationExternalization
InternalizationInternalization CombinationCombination
OG
E
I
Environment
Individual
I G
G
G
G
Org.
E
I
II
I
IGroup
IE O
A Story
Source: http://panasonic.co.jp/ism/bakery/vol01/index.htmlfor this part. Read “Knowledge Creating Company” the book
Results
536,000 units in its first year.
Exported to the United States, West Germany, and Hong Kong. Later to Sweden, Thailand, Australia, and New Zealand.
1,000,000 units sold by the timecompetitors released their version.
Users' voices to the engineers, fresh air to theCooking Appliances Division.
Inspired other divisionsthroughout Matsushita.
Relationship with
Design Thinking
Design Thinking
“Design thinking is a human-centered approach to innovation that draws from the designer's toolkit to integrate the needs of people, the possibilities of technology, and the requirements for business success.” —Tim Brown, president and CEO
IDEO Method Cards
There’s also an App !
Conveyer of Knowledge
Copyright Nonaka I. 2009
Contemplation in Action:Indwelling in Actuality with Deep Thinking
“I can see many things when I see a machine. How can we maneuver through that curve? We should do this, we should do that.... Then I think about the next machine. We can make a faster machine if we think like this, and so on. It’s a natural progress into the next step.”- Soichiro Honda
“I can see many things when I see a machine. How can we maneuver through that curve? We should do this, we should do that.... Then I think about the next machine. We can make a faster machine if we think like this, and so on. It’s a natural progress into the next step.”- Soichiro Honda
Source: Honda Motor Corporation(Picture at the Automobile Hall of Fame, Detroit)Source: Honda Motor Corporation(Picture at the Automobile Hall of Fame, Detroit)
Copyright Nonaka I. 2010
Copyright Nonaka I. 2010
Concept Building: Dialoguing on the SpotSoichiro Honda
Drawing on the floor
Words and actions
By articulating into language, we clearly understand what we are thinking
Source: Honda Motor CorporationAutomobile Hall of Fame (Detroit)
What’s the product owner ?The person(s) who had the first belief, should run through the whole processAs the conveyer of knowledge.
Prof. Ikujiro Nonaka
1
The New New Product Development Game(HBR)
ScrumStop the relay race, take up rugby
2The Knowledge Creating Company
SECI-modelSpiral transformation ofExplicit knowledge and Tacit knowledge
3Managing Flow, The Wise Leadership(HBR)
PhronesisThe third knowledge type afterScience (explicit knowledge)And art (tact knowledge)
U.S. Marine
Fractal OrganizationSelf-similar structure at all levels
4
One More Thing …
51
Do a Retreat!
FEEL…Before you THINK