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Browser Automation with Selenium WebDriver and
Page ObjectsHarsh Murari
Software Architect
Rhoynar Software Consulting, Boulder, CO
www.rhoynar.com
Presented At SQuAD Colorado Meetup at Denver, Feb 09, 2016
About Me
• Co-founder and Software Architect at Rhoynar Software Consulting
• Co-founder and Principal Instructor at DestinationJ Software Technologies
• Working on Build, Infrastructure and Process Improvement Solutions
• 12+ years of Software Engineering Experience
About This Presentation: Objectives
• Understand Web Automation Testing Landscape
• Overview of Selenium WebDriver
• Moving from Manual Test to Selenium WebDriver
• Common Problems with Test Automation
• Understand Page Object Models Design Pattern
• Test Automation Best Practices
• Page Factories
• Test Auto-Generation
• Demo of Rhoynar’s AutoTestR Solution for Automatic Test Generation
Automation Testing Problems
• Automation Tests are hard to write – large initial investment
• Automation Tests are broken most of the time – large upkeep costs
• Changes to UI break tests – not sure if tests are broken or UI is broken
• Unsatisfactory Automation Quality – poorly written tests
• Scripts take too long to run
• Scripts can’t run unattended
• Reports are difficult to analyze
• Tests have no documentation
Manual Test Example – CRM Application
Manual Test Example – CRM ApplicationRequirements• Add a New Lead
• Import Leads
• View Leads
• View Lead Details
• Contact A Lead
• Contact Multiple Leads
• Update a Lead
• Delete a Lead
Tests• Add a New Lead
• Create a Valid Lead
• Create an Invalid Lead
• Create a Duplicate Lead
• Import Leads
• Valid Import
• Import with Duplicates
• Import with esoteric fields
• Support for different files like .csv, .xls, .xlsx etc.
• …
Manual Test Example – CRM Application
• Testing once – fine
• Efficient – no upfront investment
• Allows for exploratory testing
• Allows to look at general performance issues
• Testing multiple times – ???
• Testing at every major release?
• Testing at every minor release?
• Testing at every bug-fix?
• Testing at every pre-flight?
4hrs * 8 Modules = 4days
AUTOMATION
Selenium WebDriver Automation• What does Selenium WebDriver Provide?• Framework for Browser Automation
• Standards Compliant, Open Source, Free-to-use
• All Major Browsers Support
• All Major Operating Systems Support
• All Major Languages Support
• Remote Invocation Support
• Mobile Platforms Support
• Cross-browser compatible scripts
• Object oriented
Selenium WebDriver: How does it work
• Lead Creation
• Get a handle to the browser/window/tab
• Load the webpage
• Click on Leads Link
• Click on Create Leads
• Fill in the information (Text Boxes, Dropdowns, Check-Boxes etc.)
• Hit Save Button
Selenium WebDriver: How does it work
So What’s Wrong with this example
• Procedural/Repetitive
• Hard-Coded, no data providers
• Prone to break:• New fields are added
• Xpath Changes
• Field Name/Property name changes
• CSS properties change
• Not re-entrant
• Most times we are fixing tests to keep up with code…
Need for Abstraction on Top of WebDriver
Need For Abstraction – Page Objects
Need For Abstraction – Page Objects• Pages are people too, my
friend!
• Every page has feelings and emotions attributes and actions associated with it
• How these are implemented is abstracted
• What’s exported are the actions this webpage can perform
PAGE OBJECT MODEL
Need For Abstraction – Page Objects
• Separate Business Logic from Browser Handling
• Each Page has an Object
• Exported methods: Page’s Functionality
• Abstracted methods: Browser, UI, WebElement handling
TestCode
• Test/Business Logic
Page Objects
• Driver/Config/UI Logic
Browser • Browser
Page Objects - Example
Page Objects – Few Things to Note
• Notes:
• Annotations: Object is assumed to be initialized through PageFactory.
• @FindBy can support: id, name, tagName, linkText, partialLinkText, css, xpath
• @CacheLookup annotation: Object is assumed to never change in the DOM.
• All buttons/actions are usually translated into functions.
• Functions use data providers to provide configurable, re-entrant data.
Att
ribut
esA
ctio
ns
Page Object Paradigm
• Expose the service you’re interacting with, not the implementation.- Selenium Wiki
• If you’re using WebDriver API in your test methods… You are doing it wrong.
- Simon Stewart
Business Logic Driver Logic
Return value for exported services
public class LoginPage {public void login(){
//Selenium Code}
}
public class AccountsPage {public void viewAccountDetails(){
//Selenium Code}
}
public class LoginPage {public AccountsPage login(){
//Selenium Code}
}
public class AccountsPage {public AccountsDetailsPage viewAccountDetails(){//Selenium Code
}}
Service Methods Returning void
Service Methods Returning correct Object
Return Value - continued
• Return a generic Page Interface Object Instead
public class LoginPage {public AccountsPage login(){
//Selenium Code}
}
Accounts Page
Login Page
Timeouts
void testApplication() {loginPage = new LoginPage();accountsPage = loginPage.login();
Thread.sleep(3000);
accountsPage.viewAccounts();}
void testApplication() {loginPage = new LoginPage();accountsPage = loginPage.login();
accountsPage.waitForPage();
accountsPage.viewAccounts();}
Page Factory public class LoginPage {private WebElement email;private WebElement password;
//Constructorpublic LoginPage(WebDriver driver){
driver.findById(“email”);driver.findById(“password”);
}}
public class LoginPage {@FindBy(id = “email”)private WebElement email;
@FindBy(id = “password”)private WebElement password;
//Constructorpublic LoginPage(WebDriver driver){
PageFactory.initElement(driver, this);}
}
Where do we stand?
Web App
Page Object Page ObjectData Provider
Page ObjectData ProviderData Provider
Test/Business Logic
Auto Generated!
Auto Generation of Page Object Code• An advantage of putting structure to the
process gives us a model for auto-generating object test code
• AutoTestR uses node.js framework to parse the DOM for the page and generate corresponding test object code.
One step further…- Each node represents a page-object
(or rather business object)- Each node specifies what are its
exported interfaces, what are its next states
- Based on this graph, AutoTestR auto-generates test case skeletons as well!
- Example Test Cases:- Login->Unregistered Page- Login->Main Page->CreateUser->End- Login->Main Page->SearchUser->End- Login->Main Page->DeleteUser->End- Login->Main Page->Unregistered Page
Auto Generated Test Cases: AutoTestR Demo
CI with AutoTestR
AutoTestR – Roadmap and Upcoming Features
• Open-source and release a community version by end of the year.
• More graph based intelligent testing, configurable edge weights.
• Integrating with Cloud Based Testing Infrastructure
• Separate Test Assertions from Auto-Generated Code
• Support for business logic testing
• Auto generate TestNG files for regression and performance testing
• Database based test key-value generation
Summary
• Separate Business Logic from Implementation Logic
• Return the Page Object (generic Page superclass) from exported services
• Page Load Wait time is a property of the page – keep it in the page object!
• Keep common utilities in the base class
• Use Data Providers
• Keep Exported methods Re-entrant
• AutoTestR – To Auto Generate Page Objects and Test Cases
Contact Us:Rhoynar Software ConsultingWeb: www.rhoynar.comPh.: +1-855-5-RHOYNAREmail: [email protected]
Contact Us:DestinationJ Software TechnologiesWeb: www.destinationj.comPh.: +1-303-408-9848Email: [email protected]
Services:- QA Automation Consulting- Continuous Integration- Web and Mobile Testing- Security Testing- IOT Testing- QA Staffing- Web Development (MEAN stack)- Mobile App Development (iOS/Android)
Courses:- QA Masters (Manual testing, HP ALM/QC,
Selenium IDE, SQL) - QA Advanced (Java, SQL, Selenium WebDriver,
POM, BDD, Cucumber)- Full-Stack Web Development using NodeJS,
AngularJS, ExpressJS and MongoDB- Corporate training (various topics) (1-5 days)
