TRANSACTIONAL MODEL OF STRESS AND COPING & LANGUAGE

EXPECTANCY THEORYMarlee Tuskes, Annalisa Pardo, Sarah Minkewicz and Jacqueline Tenreiro

ABSTRACT For our presentation, we wanted to look into the theories of Transactional Model of Stress and Coping and the Language Expectancy Theory. Our group believed these two theories could be applied not only in real life situations, but also with ever-evolving social media situations. We found that there were several instances for applying both of these theories to how people utilize social media to cope with both stress in difficult times and how to deal with miscommunication over the web.

TRANSACTIONAL MODEL OF STRESS AND COPING University of Twente: “The Transactional Model of Stress and Coping is a framework for evaluating the processes of coping with stressful events.” Flow Psychology: “Essentially, the transaction relating to stress is between the person and the environment.” People become stressed when our environment (what is asked of us) exceeds what we can handle “Specific coping strategies such as problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping and meaning-based coping can be used.” (Glanz et al. 2002)

FOUNDERS

Richard S. Lazarus Susan Folkman

Defined by Lazarus & Folkman in 1977, however was looked into earlier in the 1960s.

THEORY IRLStressors FINALS WEEK Death of a loved one Fighting with a significant other/friend Gradution (resumes, internships, jobs…)

Solutions Yoga Shopping Get some sleep Talking with someone you trust

THEORY ON SOCIAL MEDIAPlatforms Facebook statuses Tweets

Solutions Reaching out to friends Followers (from across the world) can lend some advice

COPING WITH STRESS VIA SOCIAL MEDIA

SOLUTIONS VIA SOCIAL MEDIA

LANGUAGE EXPECTANCY THEORY This theory… Assumes language has certain rules and patterns that have developed over time Linguistic strategies can play a role in persuasive messages Violations of the expected norms can be seen as positive or negative

THREE FACTORS This theory is derived from three factors…. 1. The communicator

Who is the individual giving the message? Truthfulness, credibility, bias, gender, appearance

2. The relationship Between the communicator and the receiver

3. The context The environment in which the message was given/received

TAKE IT BACK1970 Brooks – raised the idea that sources will include or leave out information to make messages persuasive

1975 Michael Burgoon, Jones, Stewart – added linguistic strategies into the power of persuasion

1995 Michael Burgoon proposed a detailed version that we know today as the Language Expectancy Theory

FREAKY FRIDAY & LETFather and boyfriend reactions – negative/positive variations from norms

TAKING IT TO SOCIAL MEDIA Ashton Kutcher - We see him as his characters

- Unintelligent, lazy - Informs what we consider is “norm” for him

TAKING IT TO SOCIAL MEDIA

But on his Twitter…

- Positive breaking of the norm

TAKING IT TO SOCIAL MEDIA President Donald Trump - Former host of Apprentice - Know his personality, expect a change

- Presidential disposition

TAKING IT TO SOCIAL MEDIA

But on his Twitter…- Negative breaking of the norm

DO YOU HAVE ANY EXAMPLES OF WHEN YOUR LANGUAGE EXPECTATIONS WERE BROKEN?

BIBLIOGRAPHY Flow Psychology. (2015, January 21). Transactional Model of Stress and Coping. Retrieved from Flow Psychology: http://flowpsychology.com/transactional-model-of-stress-and-coping/

Language expectancy theory. (2016, June 27). Retrieved February 16, 2017, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_expectancy_theory

Louise, A. (2017). Yoga with Adriene. Retrieved from YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=yoga+with+adriene

Posted by D&D Resources  |  December 24th, 2008. (n.d.). NCDD Resource Center » Language Expectancy Theory. Retrieved February 16, 2017, from http://ncdd.org/rc/item/2700

University of Twente. (n.d.). Transactional Model of Stress and Coping. Retrieved from University of Twente: https://www.utwente.nl/cw/theorieenoverzicht/Theory%20Clusters/Health%20Communication/transactional_mod

el_of_stress_and_coping/ 9. (2010, October 20). Freaky Friday Therapy Scene. Retrieved February 16, 2017, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XE2yXb2byA4