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Leveraging Open Data & Social Media To Measure & Impact Citizen Well-being
Shelly D. Farnham, Ph.D.FUSE Labs, Microsoft Research
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BIG DREAMS
“By 2035, there will be almost no
poor countries left in the world.”
https://www.flickr.com/photos/kaptainkobold/9324963783/
Bill Gates
3 Myths that Block Progress for the Poor2014 Gates Annual Letter
http://annualletter.gatesfoundation.org/
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REASON TO HOPE
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REDEFINING PROSPERITYFrom opulence to well-being:
A sustainable economy does not depend on consumer culture to drive growth.
We can foster well-being by impacting people’s ability to flourish – to participate in life.
Everyone can be prosperous.
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GLOBAL CAUSES OF LOW WELL-BEING
BASED ON WHAT CAUSES POVERTY? http://www.fightpoverty.mmbrico.com/poverty/reasons.html
CAUSE SOLUTIONS
Overpopulation, as ratio of: population size to
available economic resources.
Impact population size: education and shift cultural norms around family planning; access
to birth control; education and shift cultural norms around gender equality policies.
Impact available resources: increase productivity of local economy through modernization of
industry, e.g., mechanize food production.
Unequal distribution of resources.Develop economies with industry and technology; infusion of essential raw materials and
infrastructure: access to resources; Develop skills through education/training, Change in
policies through more equal trade practices with other more developed countries (shift in
cultural norms), More investment and equal access to social programs that reduce impact on
productivity: mental health, drug abuse, learned helplessness, etc. Redistribution of income
from the haves to the have-nots. Minimum wage/tax incentives
Inadequate education and
employment, illiteracy and lack of work force with
context independent skills
Increase access and adoption of education technologies. Increase productivity of local
economy and related employment opportunities – e.g., globalization of work force with
context independent skills
Environmental degradation, leading to
shortages in available resources; often caused by
overpopulation
Education and shift of cultural norms and policy around sustainability/environmental issues
such as deforestation. Increase access to other resources/economic opportunities
General economic trends, such as
changing demands of work force for more skilled labor,
increase poverty rate of those without skills.
Education/training specialized skills. Predicting/tracking trends to support an adapting
workforce (analysis, and skills retraining) .
Changing demographic shifts, such
as increases in single parenthood making it difficult to escape
cycle of poverty over generations.
Change in cultural shift around family planning: supporting education and access to birth
control. Economic/policy incentives to support two parent families & other social structures.
Cultural awareness and shift in social policies that “punish” the child, assuring cross-
generational entrapment in poverty.
Intra-individual factors, such
motivational / individual responsibility, health
problems, addictions, and problems with welfare
dependency.
Foster cultural education, awareness, and investment in social programs to address intra-
individual factors impacting joining the work force, including learned helplessness, drug
abuse, mental illness (depression, schizophrenia), physical well-being (obesity, malnutrition,
disabilities), social disenfranchisement, social skills. Welfare/wealth redistribution policy
incentives; structured to incentivize work, while at the same time assuring minimal well-being,
health, homelessness, other issues preventing ability to work or accessibility/adoption of
skills training and/or entrapment in poverty life-cycles.
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EMERGING TRENDS IN TECHNOLOGY = NEW OPPORTUNITIES
Learning networks that provide global access to free education and related social support
systems to assure successful motivation and adoption towards the development of the new skills needed to foster a growing economy.
Civic crowd-sourcing services enabling direct redistribution of wealth to most
impactful social programs addressing causes of poverty, such as kickstarter for social programs, supplementary self-taxing programs, community self-support programs.
Development of services such as microfinancing that enable indirect redistribution of resources to
programs that foster economic development.
Analysis tools of large scale data systems (economics/social services/policies) examining
relative impact of various factors in influencing well-being, measuring the success of various programs to improve well-being, and where to focus energy to maximally impact change.
Social media tools that empower citizens for increasing awareness, shifting cultural
norms, increasing engagement, empathy, and collective action, around factors impacting individual well-being and community well-being.
Economic participation tools such as crowd-sourcing, sharing economy services, online stores, DIY sites, for self-directed, bottoms up engagement in global economy..
Dematerialization of assets, driving economy without consumption of limited natural resources e.g., objects in games, digital art, experiential gifts, virtual signals of social status
LEVERAGING SOCIAL TECHNOLOGIES TO
INCREASE POWER OF COMMUNITY
Sense of Community
Place Attachment
Buy Coffee
Sense of Community
Event Attachment
Come Back Again and
Again
Sense of Community
Neighborhood Attachment
Civic Action
CoCollage
Pathable
Puget Sound OFFFarnham, S., McCarthy, J., Patel, Y., Ahuja, S., Norman, D., Hazlewood, W., Lind, J. (2009). Measuring the impact of place attachment on the adoption of a place-based community technology. In Proceedings of CHI 2009.
Farnham, S., Schwartz, J., Brown, P. (2009). Leveraging social software for strategic social networking and community development at events. In Communities and Technologies 2009.
Farnham, S. D., Keyes, D., Yuki, V., and Tugwell, C. 2012. Puget Sound Off: Fostering youth civic engagement through citizen journalism. In Proc CSCW 2012, ACM Press.
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PUGET SOUND OFF:FOSTERING YOUTH CIVIC ENGAGEMENTTHROUGH CITIZEN JOURNALISMIN A LOCAL COMMUNITY CONTEXT
Shelly D. Farnham
FUSE Labs
Microsoft Research
David Keyes and Vicky Butler
Dept of Information Technology
City of Seattle
Chris Tugwell
Technology Programs
Metrocenter YMCA
Farnham, S. D., Keyes, D., Yuki, V., and Tugwell, C. 2012. Puget Sound Off: Fostering youth civic engagement through citizen journalism. In Proc CSCW 2012, ACM Press.
DESIGNING FOR EFFECTIVE CIVIC
ENGAGEMENT
ACQUIRING KNOWLEDGE
SELF-EXPRESSION
JOINING PUBLICS
COLLECTIVE ACTION
Online research
Consuming blogs, journals
Research
Attending town halls
Blogs
Photos
Wearing badges
Posters in yard
Conversation
Online groups
Mailing lists
clubs, groups
meetings
Emails
Calendar events
Rallies
Letters to elected officials
ENGAGED CITIZENS
on
line
off
line
Bennett, W. L., Wells, C., and Freelorn, D. 2009. Communicating citizenship online: models of civic learning in the you web sphere. Civic Learning Online Project.
PUGET SOUND OFF USAGE
IMPACTED CIVIC ENGAGEMENT
Photo Club @ WSHS, colleenmcdevitthttp://pugetsoundoff.org/image/21892
Civic engagement (Keeter et al., 2002)
e.g. “taking part in a protest, march or demonstration”“Spending time participating in community service or volunteer activity”
Inspired conversations around local civic issues
Usage correlated with higher civic engagement
Usage correlated with whether it reflected their
community’s interests (r = .61, p < .05)
Structural equation model
showing only significant
standardized coefficients
between variables.
IMPORTANCE OF HAVING A VOICE
IN PUBLIC SPACES
Public networks: Twitter, blogging,
wiki
Media sharing: photo sharing, videos
Personal networks: facebook, SMS
Use of public networks and media sharing correlated with
civic engagement, not use of personal networks
Civic self-efficacy and identification with community
correlated with civic engagement
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What is happening in this neighborhood?
Can we leverage social media/Twitter for:Measuring well-beingIncreasing community participation and well-being
HYPER-LOCAL
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Resident Interviews and Questionnaire
26 randomly selected neighborhoods, 174
on site interviews
Twitter Analysis
One month of Twitter messages mentioning
neighborhoods, ~3000 messages manually
coded~50K automatically
Location Data
DemographicsCensusLocation, Inc. real estate dataset
STUDY
NEIGHBORHOOD STUDY
Multi-method approach allowed us to triangulate on a rich picture of King County towns and neighborhoods.
INDICATORS OF
COMMUNITY WELL-
BEING FROM
INTERVIEWS
Indicators of Community Well-being Percent
Mentions
Thriving local businesses 47%
Safe, low crime 33%
Community events 25%
Community resources 25%
Friendly 25%
Walkability 25%
Gathering places 24%
Social support 20%
Well-maintained 19%
Other health: mental, economic, physical 19%
People know each other 14%
Diversity (race, SES, age, families) 12%
Vibrancy -- people out and about 11%
People interact/communicate 11%
Civic engagement 10%
Environmental/geographical assets 10%
Growth - embracing change 10%
“What does this community have that indicates to you that it is healthy or unhealthy?”
1. Entities you develop a personal
relationship with.2.
3. Provide a place to meet people in the
neighborhood.
Local businesses SERVE as quintessentialthird places where communities grow
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MORE PEOPLE = LESS CONNECTED
Population negatively correlated with neighborhood network (r = -.37 p < .08*)
Community well-being negatively correlated with population (r = -.51, p < .05)
People knew fewer neighbors in more urban, densely populated neighborhoods.
TECHNOLOGY USAGE correlated
with well-being and civic
engagement
Communication technologies are meaningful part of people’s neighborhood community well-being and civic life!
TWITTER AS NEIGHBORHOOD CHANNEL?
29% of neighborhood
messages about a current event or
happening
Neighborhood topics largely correspond
with community well-being indicators
News, 10.1%
Local business, 8.0%
Multi-media link, 7.7%
Local "flavor", 4.9%Sports, 4.7%
Emergency reports, 4.4%
Arts, 3.8%
Classifieds, 3.6%
Checkin, 3.2%
Nature, 2.8%
Civic activity, 2.4%
Educational activity, 2.4%
Social event, 2.3%
Social "grooming", 2.
1%
Deals, 1.8%Festivals, 1.8%
Content analysis:
Randomly selected up to 100 Tweets from 30 neighborhoods
TWITTER AND WELL-BEING
Overall, Twitter activity is NOT a signal of community well-being.
However, neighborhood Tweeting does correlate with lifestyle –young, urban, single people without kids Tweet more often, interact more.
Small, family-oriented communities have the highest well-being, but are not Tweeting.
Young, single professionals in urban centers Tweeting a lot.
Where people do Tweet a lot, mention networks
(@ each other) correlated with well-being.
KEY TAKEAWAYS
Strangers in Public
Networks
Trusted friends and neighbors
Include local business as community members
Support hubs as hyper connectors
Overcome stranger fear and find similar others
How can we help people transition from strangers to trusted neighbors and engaged communities…?
Increase awareness & discovery
Make latent communities more explicit groups
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Making latent hyperlocalcommunities more visible• discovery & awareness• Highlighting community hubs• including local business as
community members
Try it!Whooly.net
!
Whoo?
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