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All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Shoot Like a Pro(with a camera built for amateurs)
Taking interesting photos suitable for publication
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 2
What you’ll learn
• Basic concepts– What’s a photograph– How photos get from your camera to paper
• Setting resolution• “Seeing” a good photo• Using your camera to capture it– Smartphone, iPad, point-and-shoot
• Uploading your photos to the Observer
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 3
Basic concepts
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 4
Basic concepts: What’s a photograph
• Light is focused, condensed through a lens• Captured on a light-sensitive surface
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 5
Basic concepts: What’s a photograph
• Only real variable: How much light gets in• 2 ways to control it
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 6
Basic concepts: What’s a photograph
• Only real variable: How much light gets in• 2 ways to control it– Size of the aperture
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 7
Basic concepts: What’s a photograph
• Only real variable: How much light gets in• 2 ways to control it– Size of the aperture– Length of time aperture is open
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 8
Basic concepts: What’s a photograph
• Length of time affects ability to stop motion• Controlled by shutter speed– 100s or 1,000s of a second– Low shutter speed: moving objects blur– High shutter speed: moving objects freeze
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 9
Basic concepts: What’s a photograph
• Size of aperture affects focal plane– i.e. depth of field
• Controlled by F-stop / aperture
Low number/larger aperture
High number/ smaller aperture
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 10
Basic concepts: Printed photos
• A printing press is like a computer: it only knows on and off– A space on the page either has ink or it doesn’t– Black ink is never gray; it’s just black
• Half-tone process overcomes this limitation when printing photos– Photos are rendered using “half-tone” process– Optical illusion – recreates image as a series of dots
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 11
Half tones
• Pre-digital– Created by re-photographing picture through a
screen• Digital– Created in
Photoshop orprepresssoftware
Image: graphicdesign.spokanefalls.edu
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 12
Mastering Resolution
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 13
Resolution
• A technical issue – not artistic• It’s the amount of data in a photo– More data = more flexibility in using the photo– More data = more memory
• Must reconcile 3 data storage technologies– Digital cameras store data in pixels– Computers store data in bytes– Printed paper stores data in dots
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 14
Digital camera
• Captures image on electronic screen– Unlike analog photography, it’s not a “true” image– Image translated into pixels– A 5 MP photo (i.e. 5 million pixels) is
2592 p x 1944 p
– iPhone 4: 8 MP– Nikon Coolpix S6200 ($119): 16 MP
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 15
Digital photo
• You choose resolution when photo is shot• Typical settings– High/Medium/Low– Large/Small– Actual photo dimensions
• You choose resolution again when moving photo from camera to computer
• Once removed, information is gone forever
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 16
Digital photo
•Originally photographed at 4 MP
•Stored at593 kb(1/2 MB)
•Already too low for print; original was ≈2MB
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 17
Digital photo
•Originally photographed at 4 MP
•Scraped from a web page
•33 kb
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 18
Resolution
• When a photo is SIZED digitally by dragging on screen:– The number of pixels stays the same– Resolution decreases/increases as it’s sized
• When a photo is SAVED at a smaller size:– Most software (e-mail clients, websites, etc) will
reduce the number of pixels – resulting in loss of resolution
– It’s because their goal is to save on memory
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 19
Resolution
• Websites/computer screens reproduce at the equivalent of 72 DPI
• Newspapers print at 300 DPI– “Dot gain” reduces clarity– Colors lose brilliance
• Glossy magazines print at 720 dots per inch (DPI)
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 20
Online
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 21
Newspaper
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
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High-end magazine
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 23
Resolution Takeaways
• Shoot photos at highest resolution• Store photos at highest resolution• Understand how printing process will
compromise photos– Colors lose brilliance– Images lose clarity
• Don’t even think about printing a photo scraped from a website; it won’t work.
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 24
Rules of Thumb
• A photo needs to be 1-6 MB• Maximum printable size (in inches) of a digital
image in a typical newspaper:– File dimension in pixels ÷ 200– Example: • Your photo is 1,000p tall x 1,400p wide (1.4 MP)• 1,000 ÷ 200 = 5• 1,400 ÷ 200 = 7• The photo will print acceptably at up to 5” x 7”
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 25
Seeing a good photo
Before you actually take it
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 26
Seeing a good photo
Newspaper photos aren’t snapshots• Snapshots are souvenirs• Newspaper photos tell a story
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 27
Seeing a photo
• Key components of photo– Subject– Everything else
Most people give all their attention to the subject and none to everything else.
The key to notable photos is to pay most attention to everything else.
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 28
Seeing a photo
• The subject– Large– Interesting– Colorful– Not centered in frame
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 29
Seeing a good: Subject
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 30
Seeing a photo: Subject
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 31
Seeing a photo: Subject
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 32
Seeing a photo: Subject
Nobody wants to see this
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 33
Seeing a photo: Subject
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 34
Seeing a photo
• Key components of photo– Subject– Everything else
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 35
Seeing a photo
• Lighting• Composition• Foreground/Background• Lines & Patterns• Framing/Orientation
The only aspect that requires making adjustments to camera settings
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 36
Seeing a photo: Lighting
• Lighting– Where is the light source• Above/font of subject: post card• Behind subject: backlight (shadowy/moody)• Side: intensity
– Look at the shadows• Long v. short (long is more dramatic)• Vertical (connects foreground w/ background)• Horizontal / diagonal (creates balance/interest)
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 37
Seeing a photo: Lighting
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 38
Seeing a photo: Lighting
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 39
Seeing a photo: Lighting
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 40
Seeing a photo: Composition
• Rule of thirds
Photographer unknown
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 41
Seeing a photo: Composition
• Rule of thirds
Photographer unknown
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 42
Seeing a photo: Fore/background
• Foreground/Background– Narrow
focal plane
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 43
Seeing a photo: Fore/background
• Foreground/Background• Wide
focal plane
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 44
Seeing a photo: Fore/background
• Foreground/Background– Look for the unusual
and interesting
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 45
Seeing a photo: Fore/background
• Foreground/Background– Blend foreground and
background
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 46
Seeing a photo: Lines
• Look for patterns of lines– Converging
Photo by Jennifer Kuhel; taken with an iPad
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 47
Seeing a photo: Lines
• Look for patterns and textures
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 48
Seeing a photo: Lines
• Look for the letter Z
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 49
Seeing a photo: Lines
• Look for patterns of lines– Z-pattern
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 50
Seeing a photo: Framing
• Framing/Orientation– Use objects to create a frame within a frame
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 51
Seeing a photo: Framing
• Framing/Orientation– Use objects to create a frame within a frame
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 52
Seeing a photo: Orientation
• Framing/Orientation– Don’t feel bound by horizontal, vertical, eye-level
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 53
Using your camera
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 54
Using your camera
• Your point-and-shoot is capable of great things• But it’s set to take snapshots and postcards– Auto focuses on center of frame– Defaults to wide depth of field– Auto-flash eliminates shadows
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 55
Using your camera
• How to get it to do more– Hold it still (keep elbows in)– Turn off auto flash– Explore settings
Still Life with iPhone Grid
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 56
Using your camera
• Most cameras allow selective focus/metering– Point camera at
subject; holdshutter half-waydown, reframephoto
• Experiment w/scene settings
iPhone “selective focus”
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 57
Using your camera
• When possible, use manual settingsto adjust shutter or F-stop– For narrow focal plane• Open aperture/F-stop• If manual isn’t available,
use “scenes” or “modes”– Portrait– Party– Dusk/Dawn
• Anything designed to let in a lot of natural light at expense of shutter speed
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 58
Uploading to the Observer
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 59
Uploading to the Observer
CLICK ON MEMBER CENTER
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 60
Uploading to the Observer
CLICK ON “Submit new story”
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 61
Uploading to the Observer
•Populate Title, Category.•You can leave “Article” section blank.•Then scroll to bottom
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 62
Uploading to the Observer
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 63
Uploading to the Observer
Look for upload counter
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
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Uploading to the Observer
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
04/18/2023 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 65
Reward yourself
All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
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Resources
• Resources abound online. Here are a few:• How a digital camera works
– https://sites.google.com/site/photomedic1/how-does-the-digital-camera-work
• Photo composition– http://digital-photography-school.com/digital-ph
otography-composition-tips– http://www.photographymad.com/pages/view/1
0-top-photography-composition-rules– http://www.digitalcameraworld.com/2012/04/12
/10-rules-of-photo-composition-and-why-they-work/
• iPhone– http://www.grumblesandgrunts.com/2013/01/ho
w-to-best-iphone-camera-tips-tricks.html