2. Mount Pinatubo is an active stratovolcano in the cabusilan
Mountains on the island of Luzom, near the tripoint of the
Philippine provinces of Zambales, Tarla c, and Pampanga MT.
PINATUBO The volcano's Plinian/ ultra Plinian eruption on 15 June
1991 produced the second largest terrestrial eruption of the 20th
century after the 1912 eruption of Novarupta in the Alaska
Peninsula Complicating the eruption was the arrival of Typhoon
Yunya (Diding), bringing a lethal mix of ash and rain to areas
surrounding the volcano.
3. Plinian eruptions are marked by columns of gas and volcanic
ash extending high into the stratosphere, the second layer of
Earth's atmosphere. The key characteristics are ejection of large
amount of pumice and very powerful continuous gas blast eruptions.
WHAT IS PLINIAN VOLCANO?
4. MOUNT PINATUBO ERPUTION
5. Mount Vesuvius Mount Vesuvius, on the west coast of Italy,
is the only active volcano on mainland Europe. It is best known
because of the eruption in A.D. 79 that destroyed the city of
Pompeii. Mount Vesuvius is considered to be one of the most
dangerous volcanoes in the world due to the large population of the
city of Naples and the surrounding towns on the slopes nearby.
Vesuvius has erupted many times since and is the only volcano on
the European mainland to have erupted within the last hundred
years. Today, it is regarded as one of the most dangerous volcanoes
in the world because of the population of 3,000,000 people living
nearby and its tendency towards explosive (Plinian) eruptions. It
is the most densely populated volcanic region in the world.
6. MOUNT VESUVIUS ERUPTION
7. MOUNT KRAKOTOA The renowned volcano Krakatau (frequently
misstated as Krakatoa) lies in the Sunda Strait between Java and
Sumatra. Collapse of the ancestral Krakatau edifice, perhaps in 416
AD, formed a 7-km-wide caldera. Remnants of this ancestral volcano
are preserved in Verlaten and Lang Islands; subsequently Rakata,
Danan and Perbuwatan volcanoes were formed, coalescing to create
the pre-1883 Krakatau Island. Caldera collapse during the
catastrophic 1883 eruption destroyed Danan and Perbuwatan
volcanoes, and left only a remnant of Rakata volcano. This
eruption, the 2nd largest in Indonesia during historical time,
caused more than 36,000 fatalities, most as a result of devastating
tsunamis that swept the adjacent coastlines of Sumatra and Java.
Pyroclastic surges traveled 40 km across the Sunda Strait and
reached the Sumatra coast. After a quiescence of less than a half
century, the post-collapse cone of Anak Krakatau (Child of
Krakatau) was constructed within the 1883 caldera at a point
between the former cones of Danan and Perbuwatan. Anak Krakatau has
been the site of frequent eruptions since 1927.
8. MT KRAKOTOA ERUPTION NEWS
9. Preparations for Volcanic Eruption Be prepared either to
shelter or to evacuate. Develop an evacuation plan and a sheltering
plan for yourself, your family, and others in your household.
Review the plans and make sure that everyone understands them. If
you havent already done so, put together an emergency supply kit.
Have the necessary communication devices ready. Use your radio or
television at home to listen for volcano updates or evacuation
notices. If you are told to evacuate Follow authorities
instructions if they tell you to leave the area. Though it may seem
safe to stay at home and wait out an eruption, doing so could be
very dangerous. Volcanoes spew hot, dangerous gases, ash, lava, and
rock that are powerfully destructive.
10. Tune in the radio or television for volcano updates.Photo
of gasoline nozzle in car tank. Listen for disaster sirens and
warning signals. Review your emergency plan and gather your
emergency supplies. Be sure to pack at least a 1-week supply of
prescription medications. Prepare an emergency kit for your vehicle
with food, flares, booster cables, maps, tools, a first aid kit, a
fire extinguisher, sleeping bags, a flashlight, batteries, etc.
Fill your vehicles gas tank. If no vehicle is available, make
arrangements with friends or family for transportation, or follow
authorities instructions on where to obtain transportation. Place
vehicles under cover, if at all possible. Put livestock in an
enclosed area. Plan ahead to take pets with you, but be aware that
many emergency shelters cannot accept animals. Fill your clean
water containers. Fill sinks and bathtubs with water as an extra
supply for washing. Adjust the thermostat on refrigerators and
freezers to the coolest possible temperature. If the power goes
out, food will stay cooler longer.
11. As you evacuate Take only essential items with you,
including at least a 1-week supply of prescription medications. If
you have time, turn off the gas, electricity, and water. Disconnect
appliances to reduce the likelihood of electrical shock when power
is restored. Make sure your automobiles emergency kit is ready.
Follow designated evacuation routesothers may be blockedand expect
heavy traffic and delays. Top of Page If you are told to take
shelter where you are Keep listening to your radio or television
until you are told all is safe or you are told to evacuate. Local
authorities may evacuate specific areas at greatest risk in your
community.Photo of first aid kit. Close and lock all windows and
outside doors. Turn off all heating and air conditioning systems
and fans.
12. Close the fireplace damper. Organize your emergency
supplies and make sure household members know where the supplies
are. Make sure the radio is working. Go to an interior room without
windows that is above ground level. Bring your pets with you, and
be sure to bring additional food and water supplies for them. It is
ideal to have a hard-wired (non-portable) telephone in the room you
select. Call your emergency contacta friend or family member who
does not live near the volcanoand have the phone available if you
need to report a life-threatening condition. Remember that
telephone equipment may be overwhelmed or damaged during an
emergency.
