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3D representation of the interpolated geothecnical features from the rock massif of Itaipu – Function´s implementation in the Geovisual software Author: Luiz Henrique Faria de Carvalho Professor: Jorge Kazuo Yamamoto Presentation – Final Graduation Work 11/37

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3D representation of the interpolated geothecnical

features from the rock massif of Itaipu – Function´s implementation in the

Geovisual software

Author: Luiz Henrique Faria de Carvalho

Professor: Jorge Kazuo Yamamoto

Presentation – Final Graduation Work 11/37

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Location►Between the cities Foz do Iguaçú(SW

Brazil) and Ciudad del Este (Eastern Paraguai).

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Objectives►Implement a add-on in the Geovisual

software that represents three-dimensionally any technical features necessary.

►Analise the Interpolation´s results from the studies presented by Patias(2010) and compare that patterns with the main structures of the rock massif.

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Bibliography review►Interpolated data, provenient from the

Doctor PHD from Patias(2010), wich applied Multiquadric equations to the categoric variables: Wheathering, Fracturing, Consistence and RQD obtained through the Drilling process.

►Result: *.KO3 Archive (Geovisual format).

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Methodology

►Source code´s building in the Delphi Platform.

►API of 3D Graphic Design: OpenGL, with the GLscene library.

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Area of Study►Serra Geral Basalt (Guidicini & Campos,

1968)

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Area of Study►Main Structures: Faults, fractures e

colunars disjunctions (Guidicini 1978)

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Main Results

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RQD►Multiquadric equations and ordinary

krigging defines a good geomacanic pattern of the rock massif (Deere 1967).

► Above 75%: - 4,072 blocks ( Multiquadric equations)

From a total equal to 5,898. 4,233 blocos ( Ordinary krigging) from a

total equal to 6,133.

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RQD

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RQD

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RQD

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Fracturing rate►Total number of blocks: 6350►Classification According to IPT (1984):

F1: 365 F2: 4854 F3: 862 F4: 234 F5: 35

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Fracturing rate

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Fracturing rate

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Fracturing rate

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Consistence rate►Total number of blocks: 6350►Classification according to Guidici

(1972): C1: 4959 C2: 1249 C3: 102 C4: 40

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Consistence rate

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Consistence rate

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Consistence rate

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Weathering rate►Total number of blocks: 6303►Classification according to IPT (1984):

A1: 4580 A2: 1506 A3: 140 A4: 52 A5: 25

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Weathering rate

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Weathering rate

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Weathering rate

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Weathering rate

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Conclusions►Major weathered zones are distributed in

local pattern or inclinated plans, much less associated with the horizontal fracturing zones between Basalt Flows.

►Weathering and consistence shows higher values in planes with Eastern dip, that same pattern in not present in the fracturing zones, wich leaves us to conclude that the horizontal fracturing between flows is not the major Hidraulic conductive zone in the massif.

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Bibliographic references► - CPRM, 2004. Carta geológica ao milionésimo, Folha Assunción (SG-21), escala 1:1.000.000,

disponível em www.cprm.gov.br, acessado em 6 de julho de 2011.► - Curti D.K. 2011. Tipologia e origem das fraturas sub-horizontais em Basaltos da Formação Serra

Geral, Brasil. Dissertação de Mestrado. Instituto de Geociências – USP.► - Deere, D.U., Hendron Jr.A.J., Patton, F.D., Cording, E.J. 1967. Desing of surface and near surface

construction in rock. In : Fairhurst, C. Failure and breakage of rock. New York. Society of Mining Engineers. P. 91-101.

► - Frank H.T., Gomes M.E.B., Formoso M.L.L. 2009. Review of the areal extent and the volume of the Serra Geral Formation, Paraná Basin, South America. Pesquisas em Geociências, 36:49-57.

► - Guidicini G. & Campos J.O. 1968. Notas sobre a morfogênese dos derrames basálticos.► Boletim da Sociedade Brasileira de Geologia, 17:15-28.► - Guidicini, G. Nieble, C.M, Cordines, A.T., Berrino, S.E.,Rodrigues, J.D. 1972. Um método de

classificação geotécnica preliminar de maciços rochosos. In: Semana Paulista de Geologia Aplicada, 4, São Paulo. Anais…São Paulo:ABGE,v.3,p.285-331.

► - Guidicini G. 1979. Juntas horizontais de grande continuidade em derrames basálticos da Bacia do Paraná. In: II Simpósio Regional de Geologia, Rio Claro, SBG, Atas, vol. 2, p. 13-21.

► - Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnolõgicas. Estudos geológicos-geotécnicos para caracterização e classificação de maciços rochosos para projetos de engenharia (túneis, lavra a céu aberto e barragens). São Paulo, IPT-Relatório 19569.

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► - Landim, P.M.B. Análise estatística dos dados geológicos. São Paulo: Editora UNESP, 2 ed. Ver.Ampl., 2003, 254p.

► - Leinz V., Bartorelli A., Sadowski G. R., Isotta C. A. L. 1966. Sobre o comportamento espacial do trapp basáltico da Bacia do Paraná. Boletim da Sociedade Brasileira de Geologia, 15:79-91.

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► - Lyle P. (ed.) 2005. A geological excursion guide to the Causeway Coast. Environment and Heritage Service, Department of the Environment, 2° ed.

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Bibliographic references► - MacDonald G. A. 1967. Forms and structures of extrusive basaltic rocks. In: Hess H. H. & Poldervaart A.

(eds.). Basalts: The Poldervaart Treatise on Rocks of Basaltic Composition. Interscience Publishers, New York, pp. 1–62.

► - Marshak S. & Mitra G. (eds.). 1988. Basic methods of structural geology. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 446 p.

► - Marques L. S. & Ernesto M. 2004. O magmatismo toleítico da Bacia do Paraná. In: Mantesso Neto V., Bartorelli A., Carneiro C.D.R., Brito Neves B. (eds.). Geologia do continente sul-americano: Evolução da obra de Fernando Flávio Marques de Almeida. Beca, São Paulo, pp. 245-263.

► - Melfi A.J., Piccirillo E.M., Nardy A.J.R. 1988. Geological and magmatic aspects of the Paraná Basin an introduction. In: Piccirillo E.M., Melfi A.J. (eds.) The mezosoic flood volcanism of the Paraná Basin: Petrogenetic and geophysical aspects. Instituto Geofísico, Astronômico e Ciências Atmosféricas (IAG), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, pp. 1-13.

► - Patias, J. 2010. Zoneamento Geotécnico com base em krigagem ordinária e equações multiquádricas: Barragem de Itaipu.Tese de Doutorado. Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos. Universidade de São Paulo. 319p.

► - Ramsay J.G. & Huber M.I. (eds.). 1987. The techniques of modern structural geology.► Volume 2: Folds and fractures. Academic Press, London, 700p.► - Rao, S.E., Journel, A.G., 1997. Deriving conditional distributions from ordinary kriging. In: Baafi, E.Y. and

Schofiled, N.A. (eds) Geostatistics Wollongong’96. Vol. I, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 92–102.

► - Sedgewick, R. (1983) Algorithms. Addison-Wesley, Readinf, Massachusetts, 551 pp.► - Spry A.H. 1962. The origin of columnar jointing, particularly in basalt flows. Journal of► the Geological Society of Australia, 8:191-216.► - Yamamoto, J.K. Curso de geoestatística aplicada. Extensão niversitária. São Paulo, apostila, 1994, 82p.► - Yamamoto, J.K., 2000. An alternative measure of the reliability of ordinary kriging estimates.► 8 Mathematical Geology 32, 489–509.► - Yamamoto, J.K., 2011.Mapping an uncertainty zone between interpolated types of a categorical

variable. Elsevier Editorial System(tm) for Computers & Geosciences.

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Muito Obrigado!/ My most sincere Thanks!!