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PPR in Goats
Peste des Petits Ruminants
Technical Review by
Goatgyan Consultancy Services
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a morbillivirus infection that
causes serious losses in sheep and goats throughout its range
The major clinical signs of stomatitis, enteritis, and pneumonia
During early stages of the disease, the lips are edematous and
brown scabs cover eroded and ulcerated epithelium.
Goats that survive the acute phase of the disease may develop labial
scabs that
persist up to fourteen days;
Goats that are vaccinated with inactivated vaccine or that are re-
exposed to PPR after recovery from the virus also develop labial
scabs that heal in about ten days
General overview
When diarrhea and fever precede
neurologic signs, peste des petits
ruminants, rinderpest, and
salmonellosis should be ruled out.
General overview
Stomatitis pneumoenteritis complex
Etiologic agent is a paramyxovirus of the Morbillivirus genus that is
not pathogenic for cattle.
The closely related rinderpest virus of cattle causes similar signs in
goats.
Two viruses seriously limit goat production in India
The virus is shed in secretions to infect other animals by direct
contact.
It can persist in the environment for as long as thirty-six hours, and
thus holding pens can be a source of infection.
Cause of PPR
How PPR looks like – Clinical signs
Fever (104°C - 106°C) persisting five to seven days
Profuse, even bloody diarrhea.
Necrotic stomatitis, foaming at the mouth,
Ocular discharge
Pregnant animals may abort
Respiratory signs occur during the acute stages (include malodorous,
mucopurulent nasal discharge) with increased respiratory rate,
Frequent sneezing, extended head with mouth breathing.
Secondary bronchopneumonia (often cause of death)
Fever
Diarrhea
Respiratory
Signs
PPR Triad
Recovered animals shows anemia
Severe leukopenia persists for ten days in animals that
recover
Highest incidence of disease occurs during the rainy season
Goats most commonly affected are six to twelve months of
age
Kids younger than three months of age usually have colostral
immunity.
PPR incidences
Diagnosis of PPR
Identification of signs and symptoms
Fluorescent antibody testing (nasal discharges and intestinal scrapings)
Hemagglutination test with piglet blood
Test permits differentiation of peste des petits ruminants from simple
bacterial pneumonia in live goats
Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction test can be used to
identify the virus in oculonasal swabs, oral lesions, or blood
Serological testing using a competitive ELISA also permits monitoring of
the infection (available in IVRI)
Intentionally left
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Necropsy findings of PPR
consolidation of cranioventral lung lobes
Histologic lesions reported in the lung include a giant cell pneumonia
Eeosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions in epithelial cells in perhaps half of the
goats dying
because of peste des petits ruminants.
Less commonly there is necrosis of the tracheal epithelium. Diagnosis is complicated
by secondary Pasteurella, Mannheimia, or Mycoplasma pneumonia.
Vaccination against this disease in endemic areas is both feasible and
economically sound
Hyperimmune serum (5 ml intravenously) reverses the signs of peste des petits
ruminants if given during the febrile stage of the disease, when the temperature
is 104.9°F (40.5°C) or higher.
Reinfection or relapse occurs after ten days and even those goats that develop
labial scabs and appear to recover are susceptibleto later challenge
Prevention of PPR
Thank you
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