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A Natural Swarm Intelligence System(Ant Colony)
• Find the shortest path to food• Go on raiding parties to gather it• Carry it cooperatively• Make cemeteries• Sort their brood by size• Etc
What is Swarm Intelligence?• Collective system capable of accomplishing difficult tasks in
dynamic and varied environments without any external guidance or control and with no central coordination
• Achieving a collective performance which could not normally be achieved by an individual acting alone
Types of Interactions of Ants• Direct interactions
– Food/liquid exchange– Visual contact– Chemical contact (pheromones)
• Indirect interactions (Stigmergy)– Individual behavior modifies the environment, which in turn modifies
the behavior of other individuals
Designing Algorithms• Algorithms can be designed by observing the behavior of ants• It means the coordination of artificial ants for solving
computational problems
Dr. Marco Dorigo
Travelling Salesman ProblemInitialize
Loop /* at this level each loop is called an iteration */
Each ant is positioned on a starting node
Loop /* at this level each loop is called a step */
Each ant applies a state transition rule to incrementally
build a solution and a local pheromone updating rule
Until all ants have built a complete solution
A global pheromone updating rule is applied
Until End condition
M. Dorigo, L. M. Gambardella : ftp://iridia.ulb.ac.be/pub/mdorigo/journals/IJ.16-TEC97.US.pdf
Ant Colony System: A Cooperative Learning Approach to the Traveling Salesman Problem
Travelling Sales Ants
Application in Robotics• Complete tasks collectively• No need to have extremely complex algorithms• Adaptable to changing environment
Communication Networks• Routing packets to destination in shortest time• Similar to shortest route• Statistics kept from prior routing
Challenges• Still very theoretical• No clear boundaries• Details about inner workings of swarms
Any Questions?
Thank You!
