Nutrient management in sunflower

4 ‘R’

Right quantity of nutrientRight time of applicationRight method of applicationRight form of nutrient

INM

NPK requirement

State Type of cultivation Recommended fertilizer schedule (ka ha-1)N P2O5 K2O

Andhra pradesh Rainfed 60 60 30

Irrigated 75 90 30

Karnataka Rainfed 35 50 35

Irrigated 60 75 60

Maharashtra Med. / long duration 40 60 40

Early cultivation 40 40 0

Tamil Nadu Rainfed / irrigated 40 20 20

UP, Punjab, Haryana and other non traditional areas

80 60 40

Other nutrients:

Nutrient Doses

S 25 kg ha-1

Borax 0.2 % at ray floret opening

ZnSO4 1 % spray

FYM- 10 t ha-1

Effect of nitrogen doses in sunflower

Ali et al., 2012

Plant height (cm) Head diameter

(cm) 1000- achene's weight (g) Achene,s yield

(t ha-1)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

100 kg125 kg150 kg

0 kg 75 kg 150 kg 225 kg

136.71 137.97 138.97 140.51

1519.33

1638.33

1724.44

1825

39.7 40.61 41.21 21.9

Effect of N fertilizerPlant height (cm) Seed yield (kg ha-1) Oil content (%)

Mollashahi et al,2013

LAI Dry matter Seed yield (t ha-1)

Stalk yield (t ha-1)

B:C ratio0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Effect of N levels on sunflower crop

40 kg

80 kg

120 kg

Rasool et al., 2013

control 80-45 80-60 80:75 100-45 100-60 100-75 120-45 120-60 120-75

49.6 51.2 53.3 58.5 59 58.2 59 59.1 62.1 61.7

261.3

280.3271.6 273.2

280.4 285.8

313.2 314.8

337.5 339.8

Effect of N-P (kg) fertizer doses-Plant height (cm)Number of seed per head

Jahangir et al., 2006

control 80-45 80-60 80:75 100-45 100-60 100-75 120-45 120-60 120-75

9.710.2 10.3 10.1

12.4

11.4

12.412.7

13.3 13.2

5.015.39 5.38 5.39 5.6 5.36 5.6 5.61 5.73 5.73

1.78 1.8 1.81 1.82 1.83 1.97 1.86 1.97 2.01 2.08

Effect of N-P (kg) fertilizer dosesHead diameter (cm) 100 seed weight (g) Seed yield (t / ha)

Jahangir et al., 2006

Plant height (cm) Seed yield (kg ha-1) Oil content (%)

133.41

1241

38.17139.18

1763.25

41.31142.91

2026.25

43.08

Effect of K

0 kg 100 kg 150 kg

Mollashahi et al,2013

LAI Dry matter Seed yield (t ha-1)

Stalk yield (t ha-1)

B:C ratio0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Effect of sunphur on sulflower

30 kg60 kg

Rasool et al., 2013

Control 40 kg

80 kg100 kg

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

Effect of sulphur

Yield (kg ha-1)

Ishfaq, 2010

0-0 10-1.5 10-2.5 15-1.5 15-2.0 20-1.5 20-2.00

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Effect of Zn-B (kg ha-1)

Seed yield (kg ha-1)Siddiqui et al, 2009

Rasool et al., 2013LAI Dry matter Seed yield (t ha-1) Stalk yield (t ha-1) B:C ratio

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Effect of FYM levels in sunflower

0 t10 t20 t

Time of application

Irrigated crop Basal application: 50% N + full of P & K Splitting of N- 25% at 30 DAS (button stage) and 55 DAS (flowering)

stage. Rainfed crop

Basal application: 50% N + full of P & K Splitting of N- remaining N at 30 DAS

Method of application Basal application of fertilizer with drilling If seeding is done in plough furrows, a tube may be attached

for proper fertilizer placement N splitting by broadcasting Micronutrients sprayed

Form of fertilizer

SSP is the best source of phosphorus supplyBased of soil test value

Table1: effect of K source on sunflower yields and ecomomics

Li et al .,2014

INM

• NM1: No manure control

• NM2 : 100 per cent of recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) 40:20:20 Kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1 through inorganic

• NM3 :75 per cent of RDF through organic + 25 per cent through inorganic

• NM4 : 50 per cent of RDF through organic + 50 per cent through inorganic

• NM5 : 25 per cent of RDF through organic + 75 per cent through inorganic

Effect of nutrient management practices on head diameter and harvest index of sunflower

NM1 NM2 NM3 NM4 NM50

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Harvest Index (%)Head diameter (cm)

Murali et al., 2009

Effect of nutrient management practices on total seeds head-1 and grain yield of sunflower

Murali et al., 2009NM1 NM2 NM3 NM4 NM5

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

Total seeds head-1Grain yield (kg ha-1)

Effect of humic acid complex and boron on biometric and yield parameters of sunflower

Control HA complex 100 ml HA complex 400 ml Borax @ 10 kg/ha

121

129 130124

11.3 13.2 13.5 12

84.6 86.3 88.2 85.4

Plant height (cm) Head diameter (cm) Seed set (%)

Vijayalakshmi and Mathan 1997.

Effect of humic acid complex and boron on seed and oil content of sunflower

Vijayalakshmi and Mathan 1997. Control HA complex 100 ml HA complex 400 ml Borax @ 10 kg/ha

780

9541030

925

1871

2292

2490

2208

38.1 38.7 39.2 40.4

Seed yield (kg/ha) Stover yield (kg/ha) Oil content (%)

Treatments:

T1 : RDF (60 : 39.6 : 50.4 NPK Kg/ha)T2 : T1 + P 39.6 kg ha-1

T3 : T1 + 4 kg Sulphur as soil applicationT4 : T1 + 10 kg Borax as soil applicationT5 : T1 + 2 kg Borax/ha dusting to the head at the time of ray floret openingT6 : T1 + 4 Kg Zn/ha as soil applicationT7 : T1 + 5 litres humic acid/ha as soil application T8 : T1 + T2 + T3 + T4 + T5 + T6 + T7

Influence of P, S, B, Zn, and humic acid on yield attributes, oil content of seed in sunflower

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Seed filling % Test wt. Vol. wt/100 cc (%) Achene oil (%) Kernel oil (%) Vasudevan et al. 1997

Influence of P, S, B, Zn, and humic acid on LAI yield and protein content of seed in sunflower

Vasudevan et al. 1997

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8

3.14 3.38 3.25 3.24 3.16 3.21 3.43 3.81

24.726.3 27.1 28.1 29.1

26.9 27.2

30.7

19.9 20.322.2 21.2 21.6 21 21.1 21.3

LAI at 60 days Seed yield (q ha-1) Seed protein content

Influence of P, S, B, Zn, and humic acid seed quality parameters

Vasudevan et al. 1997

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8

85.3

90.6

8689.5 90.5

87.5 88.391.5

55.2 55.5 56.3 57 57.355.2 55.2

61.8

23 24.5 23.4 24 24.1 23.5 24.1 25.1

Germination after dormancy period (%) Germination after aging (%) Seedling growth rate on day 10 (mg)

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