SOCIOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT BY MOHAMED BOSS(AMUOD UNIVERSITY)

3/03/2014 prepared by : MOHAMED ALI MOHAMED BOSS 1


Praise is to Allah, the lord of the universe, and the blessings and greetings of Allah upon the master of the prophets and messengers, our master Muhammad (pbuh) and upon who follow him in goodness until the Day of Judgment.

Indeed, the most truthful speech is the book of ALLAH which no falsehood can approach in any way, shape or form. And the best guidance is the guidance of Prophet Muhammad pbuh.

With great pleasure I present you . Dear students


1. Ahmed mohamed dirie ( overview of the chapter)2. Seid ismael Ibrahim (society)3. Muxiyadin mumin daahir ( social interaction)4. Ahmed xusen ( stages of social interactions5. Mohamed ali Mohamed (the self presentation $ social

identity)6. Fardusa Mohamed nour ( the social structure )7. Cabdoo jamac cabdilahi ( the status )8. Mohamed seid ( the role )


Social interactionSocial interaction is the way people talk and act with each other

and various structures in society. It may include the interaction

a family has together (eating, sleeping, living together)

orbureaucracies that are formed out of the need to create.3/03/2014 prepared by : MOHAMED ALI MOHAMED BOSS 5

http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk

http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structure

http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society

http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family

http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureaucracy

Social structure is the relatively

stable and enduring patterns that

organize social relationships and

provide basic framework for

society

Advantages of social structure

It limits our behaviors.

Helps us to coordinate our

behavior with those of others.

Each one of the society depends

on the other.3/03/2014 prepared by : MOHAMED ALI MOHAMED BOSS 6

Social interaction is

approach to sociological

analysis that stresses the

basic role of language and

other symbols in social

construction of both

individual identity and social

relationships.

Social interaction can also

defined as the result of

common influence


Presentation of self is the way in which people attempt to direct and control the feeling they make on others and the way other see them

Social identity is a persons definition of him self or herself derived from the position the person holds in the society social identity tells us of what and who we

are


SOMALILAND PASSPORT SOMALIA PASSPORT


Back stage(private) Front stage(public)

statuses and roles Status is a position the individual occupies is

the social structure. Role is the collection of culturally defined

rights, obligations and expectations that accompany a social status.


ROLE

Roles can be dividedinto two Role conflict:role conflict is a situation in which the different roles an individual is expected to play incompatible demands Role strain is a situation in

which single social role makes contradictory demands of the individuals

STATUS

Status can be divided into three

Achieved status:Achieved status is a social status that is attained through personal effects Ascribed status Ascribed status is assigned to the individual at birth Master status is a social

position that tends to over ride every thing the person is or does



societyA society is a group of people involved with each other through persistent relations, or a large social grouping sharing the same geographical or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations. Human societies are characterized by patterns of relationships (social relations) between individuals who share a distinctive culture and institutions; but can have different religion and culture


The most important of society is childrenbecause they have a bright brain3/03/2014 prepared by : MOHAMED ALI MOHAMED BOSS 14

Members of society have a common culture thought there may be great diversity with in it.


: Types of SocietiesHuman societies can be divided into several different kinds. They are named hunting and gathering, pastoral, horticultural, agricultural, post industrial


problems in today’s societyviolence wars and drug abuse problem, Alcoholismand ignorance, political problem ,Economic problem etc



1 Social Interaction is the process by which people act and react in relation to other2 in social reaction,one persons actions depend on the actions of the other


Social interactions are the acts, actions, or practices of two or more people mutually oriented towards each other's selves, that is, any behavior that tries to affect or take account of each other's subjective experiences or intentions. This means that the parties to the social interaction must be aware of each other--have each other's self in mind. This does not mean being in sight of or directly behaving towards each other. Friends writing letters are socially interacting, as are enemy generals preparing opposing war plans.





It is now time to define social interaction. As previously discussed, behavior comes in many forms--blinking, eating, reading, dancing, shooting, rioting, and warring. What then distinguishes social behavior? Behavior that is peculiarly social is oriented towards other selves. Such behavior apprehends another as a perceiving, thinking, Moral, intentional, and behaving person; considers the intentional or rational meaning of the other's field of expression; involves expectations about the other's acts and actions; and manifests an intention to invoke in another self certain experiences and intentions. What differentiates social from nonsocial behavior, then, is whether another self is taken into account in one's acts, actions, or practices


Thus is my perspective on interaction. In sum, I have argued that interaction is social if it is oriented in its meanings towards another self, and that such interaction consists of acts, actions, or practices. Moreover, I have discriminated between manifest and latent social interaction and have defined as latent functions the patterns of latents through which we order interaction and make it predictable. These functions are components spanning a space of social interaction--a social behavior space.

Social interactions can also be characterized by their direction (solidary, antagonistic, mixed), intensity, extension, duration, or organization. All interactions manifest these characteristics to one degree or another and in various combinations. A natural question then is whether certain combinations are particularly common and subsume all the rest.

One such combination is the familistic, which unifies solidary acts, actions, and practices together with a variety of interactions into a deeply felt whole--a self-submerging cooperative unity. In contrast, a compulsory combination of characteristics primarily involves antagonistic acts, actions, and practices together with interactions manifesting coercion and manipulation. A third combination is contractual, a mixture of the familistic and compulsory, and usually consists of narrow actions of limited duration



There are several types of social interaction. Having interaction with the opposite sex, during a relationship, is one type. Having interaction with the same sex, during friendship, is another type. Having interaction with any sex on a first and one time basis is another type. Any interaction with other people that is not related to work is a type of social interaction


Definition: The definition of the situation is what people use to know what is expected of them and what is expected of others in a situation. Through the definition of the situation, people obtain a sense of the statuses and roles of those involved in the situation so that they know how to behave. Examples: One must know whether they are in a movie theater, bank, library, or market to know, in a social sense, just whom they are interacting with and for what purpose


Social Identity refers to those aspects of a person that are defined in terms of his or her group memberships. It is the primary method of defining individuals when it is important to distinguish between different levels or types of identity



Front Stage, Back Stage, In stage drama, as in everyday interactions, according to Goffman, there are three regions, each with different affects on an individual’s performance: front stage, back stage, and off-stage. The front stage is where the actor formally performs and adheres to conventions that have meaning to the audience. The actor knows he or she is being watched and acts accordingly. When in the back stage, the actor may behave differently than when in front of the audience on the front stage. This is where the individual truly gets to be himself or herself and get rid of the roles that he or she play when they are in front of other people



So first , we have to describe both these two terms


What does the term self presentation stands for ?

And how it support the individuals communications?

The self presentation :

The way in which people attempt to direct and control the

impression they make on others and on how others see them .

It described the interior satiation of the person .

As Erving Goffman believed

Is that when an individual comes in contact with other people, that individual will attempt to control or guide the impression that others might make of him by changing or fixing his or her setting. Like appearance and manner.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erving_Goffman

Erving Goffman.: is an American Sociology, social psychology He wrote a book called The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life in . Published in

1959,[1] it was Goffman’s first and

most famous book, for which he received the American Sociological

Association’s MacIver award in 1961.

Goffman also believed that all participants in social interactions are engaged in certain practices to avoid being embarrassed or embarrassing others.

The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life

Author Erving Goffman

Country United States

Subject Social Anthropology, Sociology, social

psychology

Publisher Anchor Books

Publication date 1959

Pages 251

ISBN 978-0-14-013571-8

OCLCNumber 596245043/03/2014 prepared by : MOHAMED ALI MOHAMED BOSS 35


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociology

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_psychology

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embarrassed


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Anthropology

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociology

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_psychology

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchor_Books

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-013571-8

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC

http://worldcat.org/oclc/59624504

According to Goffman , He also believed that the presentation of the person directly affect the what he call self esteem.



SOCIAL IDENTIFICATION: is the process by which we defineourselves in terms and categories that we share with other people.

Our sense of who and what we are .

It focuses on the generative relationship between collective self-conception and group phenomena.

Types of Social Identity

SEXUAL ORIENTATION

ETHNIC AND NATIONAL IDENTITIES

GENDER IDENTITY



Nationality:(jinsiyad)By nationality, we mean the legal

relationship between an individual human and a nation-state.

Identity:( aqoonsi)Identity encompasses the

family name, the surname, date and place of birth, gender and also the nationality of the

individual.



What is social class?Any observer of American society would quickly note that there are large variations in wealth, material possessions, power and authority, and prestige in our society. They would also note differences in access to education, healthcare and leisure.



What is the social status

Status refers to the relative rank that an

individual holds; this includes attendant rights,

duties, and lifestyle, in a social hierarchy based

upon honor or prestige. Status has two different

types that come along with it: achieved, and

ascribed.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_hierarchy

. Dhirta samayda ciidiyo

salka loogu joojee, saddexlaab badiyo webi

lagu yidhi sabbeeyee. Dabadeed la saanyeeqofba meel la siiyee

saldhigeedu qaydnaa. Cidi uma sinnaynoo

dadku ruux sabooloosaranseer ku raagiyo

guryosamo nin yaalloosidka dhalay ku haystoo

heley seermawaydiyolaba kala sadroonbaasubax noolba joogee.


ReferenceThe Author of this book is George Herbert mead The writer of this book is James w.vander Zander The date of writing 1863 -1931 Copy right 1996, 1993 by mc Graw-Hill in All right reservedPrinting in the United States of America The page number that I was Analysis 67 On other hand during the time that I observation this presentation Really I got some point over view or Extra

MY TREMINOLGY which is based on my Idea

From Google Group of discussion or negotiation special my group with Each other Last year students some them I met together in order to interview how they believe and to get difference my main Idea .

Thank you my dear teacherHow you Order to Observed This course that we studies.




We can define the status

social status is the position or rank of a person within the society and can be deter mined in two ways .

Status is the position one occupies in a society



social status

achieved status

ascribed status

is a concept developed by the anchropologist Ralph linton denoting a social position . that a person can acquire on the basis of merit it is a position that is earned or chosen ( simply – gained through effort ).


Example : 1. Education 2. In come 3. doctor


is the social status a person is assigned at birth or assumed involuntarily later in life .it is a position that is neither – earned not chosen but assigned ( simply – involuntary )


Example : 1 . Age 2. Gender 3. class

Prepared :sheikh cabdo …………………………………………………..god lucky



Definition: A role is a set of ideas and expected behaviors associated with a social status that defines its relationship with another position in a social system. In every society individuals play a number of different social roles according to the varying context of their activities.Examples:The role of teacher is built around a set of ideas about teachers in relation to students and vice versa.


Definition: Role conflict occurs when people are confronted with incompatible role expectations in the various social statuses they occupy. Role conflict can take several different forms. When the roles are associated with two different statuses, the result is known as status strain.Examples:A parent may feel conflicting obligations to employers who demand full devotion to the job and children who need to be cared for when they are sick (status strain)


Answer

Role strain is the condition resulting from the inability of an

individual not reaching the set expectations of a specific role. Role strain is experienced in the form of frustration and stress. It may lead to an individual being depressed in the work place as a result of pressure from superiors.


Role Conflict is a situation in which incompatible role demands are placed on a person by two or more statuses held at the same time. Role Strain is a condition that occurs when incompatible



Science

SOCIOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT BY MOHAMED BOSS(AMUOD UNIVERSITY)