Progress in Kenya on activities for aflatoxin management by IITA and partners

www.iita.org A member of CGIAR consortium

Progress in Kenya on activities for

aflatoxin management by

IITA and its partners

On behalf of IITA, KALRO, NIB

Kenya group meeting, ILRI, Nairobi, 5 May 2015

A member of CGIAR consortium www.iita.org

Aflasafe KE01 development


• Thrust: Identifying the causative

agent for acute aflatoxicosis

(knowing the enemy)

• Exploring potential for biological

control

• Key: USDA-ARS; Peter Cotty,

Claudia Probst

Phase I: 2004-2009

Outbreak of an Acute

Aflatoxicosis in Kenya in

2004: Identification of the

Causal Agent (2007).

Claudia Probst, Henry

Njapau, and Peter J. Cotty; Applied Environmental

Microbiology

Districts in grey: reported

aflatoxicosis outbreaks

(2005,2006)

Aspergillus community

structure is an important

factor in the

development of aflatoxins in

maize in Kenya

Kitui

Machakos

Makueni

Impact of Aspergillus section

Flavi community structure

on the development of lethal

levels of aflatoxins in Kenyan

maize (Zea mays)

C. Probst1, F. Schulthess2

and P.J. Cotty1,3; Journal of

Applied Microbiology, 2009

>3400 isolates from 4 provinces

• Rift Valley, Eastern, Coast, Nairobi

96 atoxigenic

isolates

• Rift Valley, Eastern, Coast, Nairobi

13 isolates

• Efficacy, wide location, Multiple substrates, Multiple years

Identification of atoxigenic Aspergillus

flavus isolates to reduce Aflatoxin

contamination of maize in Kenya (2011).

Probst, C.,Bandyopadhyay, R., Price, L.

E., Cotty, P. J., Plant Disease.


Phase II: 2010-2012

• On station trials:

• Efficacy

• Sensitizing

• Capacity development

• IITA, KALRO, AATF

• Sites: KALRO Katumani, KALRO Kiboko, KALRO

Kampi ya Mawe, NIB Bura and Hola irrigation schemes

(proposed by KSTCIE)

Bura/Hola • No cultivation beyond the schemes • No permanent shelter-nomadic pastoralists • No agriculture without irrigation • Security

• Site/Scheme under the National Irrigation Board (NIB)

• Why chosen: High levels of aflatoxin in maize grain • Irrigated


On-station trials: Outcome

13 isolates 4 isolates:

KN00A, KN001,KN011,KN012

• Repatriation

• Planting

• Soil sampling and

inoculation

• Harvesting

• Laboratory analyses

Widely distributed; colonize

multiple substrates; recovered

naturally across years; ability to

displace toxigenic fungi; ability to

reduce aflatoxin; inability to

produce CPA


Phase III: On farm Trials

• 2012 to date (continuous data

generation)

• Lower Eastern, Upper Eastern, Tana

River

• Application under farmer conditions

• 2 rates tested-PCPB recommendation


Sites:

• 16 sites: Evurore; Siakago; Embu East,

Wote, Kaiti, Makindu, Mbooni East,

Machakos Central, Kangundo, Matungulu,

Kathinai, Nzambani, Ikutha, Kitui Central,

Bura, Hola

• About 1100 farmers (Treatment and

control)


Bura Irrigation Scheme, Coast Province, Kenya: 2012 Tests Treatment = Aflasafe KE01 10 kg/ha (Top); 20 kg/ha (Bottom)

Tota

l Aflato

xin

s in

harv

este

d m

aiz

e

Percent of Fields

16.1 - Treated

122.9 - Control

87% Reduction

3.9 - Treated

92.1 - Control

96% Reduction

Top Chart: 10 kg/ha

(Recommended Rate)

Bottom Chart: 20 kg/ha

(Rate Test Requested by PCPB)


74 ppb - Treated

1,133 ppb - Control

93.5% Reduction

Mutomo, Kitui County, Kenya: 2012 Tests

Short Rain Season Farmer Field Trials

Deadly

Average 2,750 ppb!

Range 1,790 ppb to 3,710 ppb.

Safe Food

510 ppb

Percent of Fields

Tota

l Aflato

xin

s in

harv

este

d m

aiz

e


Roll out plan by the Kenya

Government


County Ha under maize Ha to be treated

Aflasafe (tons)

Machakos 149,338 2,000 20

Makueni 102,825 2,000 20

Kitui 77,210 2,000 20

Embu 45,215 2,000 20

Tharak/Nithi 26,769 2,000 20

Tana River 6,269 2,800 28

Kilifi 72,672 4,000 40

Kwale 39,490 4,000 40

Lamu 20,127 3,000 30

Galana 1,600 1,500 15

Murang’a 43,000 2,000 20

Total 584,515 27,300 233


Activity Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Procurement of aflasafe

Staff mobilization

Training of Trainers

Sensitization of farmers

Phase 1 Application

Phase 2 Application

Phase 3 Application

Monitoring

Grain sampling

Sample analyses

Report and recommendations

submission to the MALF)

2015 2016


So far……..

• NIB: Procured 8.1 tons in March

• MoALF: Procured 221 tons in March;

currently being manufactured.

• First initiative for area wide application

• Sampling at schemes by NIB with IITA

assistance

• NIB and NCPB to independently verify

efficacy

• Scope for economic impact assessment


Bura


Bura


Galana-Kulalu

• Model farm 10,000acres

• Work in progress




So far seeded about 500 acres


• Scaling up initiative and promotion of other

ready-to-go aflatoxin management

technologies

– Part of a 10-country initiative

• Involve partnership

– Storage

– Drying

– Economic impact studies

– Health impact studies…..still under

discussion, e.g. with Nutrition innovation lab-

Tufts University

USAID Kenya Initiative


• Involve maize value chain management

• Engage private sector and assess various

models for distribution and marketing of

Aflasafe KE01 in order to improve up

scaling efforts

• Increase local capacity

• Communication


Communication Initiative (USAID KE)

• To match the increasing demands for aflasafe and rate of

uptake

• Develop a communication strategy for aflasafe technology

• Develop tools for dissemination

• Dissemination

• MoALF (NIB, NCPB, KALRO, CGA, CMA, Food and feed

manufacturers, EAGC, EAFF, KAVES, MoH)

A member of CGIAR consortium www.iita.org www.iita.org A member of CGIAR consortium Date: 6-05-2015

Local aflasafe Manufacture


Purpose • Provide inoculum for area wide application

• Provide material for research: product

development and improvement

• Business incubation

• Capacity building

• Architect identified

• NEMA assessment almost done


Mycotoxin Research Lab • Support biocontrol

research in the EAC

region

• Support national

programs in mycotoxin

research

• Capacity building



Thank you……..

• USDA-ARS

• MoALF

• Kenya Agricultural and Livestock

Research Organization (KALRO)

• National Irrigation Board (NIB)

• Pest Control Products Board (PCPB)

• Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate

Services (KEPHIS)

• ACDI-VOCA

• African Agricultural Technology

Foundation (AATF)

• Farmers

• Prof Ruth Oniang’o

• Dr. Joseph Mureithi

• Dr. Wilson Songa

• Joseph Ngetich

Science

Progress in Kenya on activities for aflatoxin management by IITA and partners