Marwadi Education Foundation Group of Institutions

Rajkot.

Prepared by :-Patel Miral

Petroleum Refinery And Its Products

2

Petroleum Refining

Petroleum refining is defined as chemical, thermal and physical separation of crude oil into major fractions.

These fractions are further processed through separation and conversion into finished petroleum products.

Refinery is the facility where this process takes place. Refinery separates the crude oil into smaller fractions in order to make 2500 separate products.

Refining Means. . .

(i) To reduce to a pure state, to remove impurities.

(ii) To improve or perfect.

Salable products are made from crude.

What is Crude Oil?

Mixture of organic carbon chain molecules.

Impurities include sulfur and nitrogen compounds.

Some metals and salts too.

Some modern petroleum refineries process as much as

800000 to 900000 barrels per day of crude oil.

Composition of crude oil

Petroleum crude oils are numerous hydrocarbons.

Hydrocarbons are chemical compounds made up of predominantly carbon and hydrogen.

Hydrocarbons found in crude oils generally also contain the elements sulfur and nitrogen. Many crude oils also contain absorbed levels of the toxic gas hydrogen sulfide (H2S).

Components_ To be removed

Crude oils may contain trace amounts of metals such as nickel and vanadium, as well as salts.

Most of the non hydrogen, non-carbon elements found in crude oils are undesirable and are removed from the hydrocarbons in total or in part during refinery processing.

Refinery Process Flow Chart

Petroleum Products

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) :- Mostly a combination of butane and propane it is heavier than air, and liquefies under pressure. It is used as a house hold cooking fuel, & vehicular fuel.

Petrol :- It is used to fuel internal combustion engines, mainly use in vehicular.

Petroleum Products

Kerosene :- Also known as paraffin, is used as illuminant and cooking fuel in India and other poor countries, and as a space heating fuel in industrial countries.

Jet fuel :- It is used in jet planes, is closely akin to kerosene.

Petroleum Products

Diesel :- This oil is used in engines running at 750 revolutions per minute (rpm) or more. It is mostly used in diesel-powered vehicles.

Naphtha :- It is used to make additives for high-octane petrol, and to make polymeric plastics and urea, a nitrogenous fertilizer.

Petroleum Products

furnace oil :- furnace oil is made by diluting residual fuel oil from refining with middle distillates such as diesel oil. It is used in boilers, bunkers, heaters , furnaces, or as fertilizer feedstock. Low sulphur heavy stock (LSHS) is variant of furnace oil.

Lubricant :- Lubricating oil consists of greases and viscous oils used to lubricate moving parts in industry, auto mobiles, railways engines and carriages and marine engines .