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Partnerships for Sustainable Intensification Research in Africa
Mateete Bekunda, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Arusha, Tanzania
Asamoah Larbi, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Tamale, GhanaIrmgard Hoeschle-Zeledon, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan,
NigeriaKindu Mekonnen, International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
ASA, CSSA, and SSSA Annual MeetingPhoenix, USA, 7 November 2016
Outline The challenge
Addressing the challenge
Research partnerships
Alliances for scaling
Lessons
Yield Gap (SSA – maize): 177% Trade deficit: US $ million 10,057
Global Cereals production(tonnes, average 2010-2013). FAO,
2015.
Causes of Yield Gaps• Agro-ecological, e.g. climate
variability; land degradation
• Institutional, e.g. poor policies and investments
• Un-informed management at household level (Classification trees identify & prioritise determinants of yield gaps on farms fields)
FtF: Global hunger is solvable
Africa Research in Sustainable Intensification for the Next Generation (Africa RISING) Program was created to facilitate this process with smallholder farm households in sub-Saharan Africa.
Requires innovative partnerships:(i) within the research community (multidiscipline integration) for developing
context specific technological solutions, and(ii) with the private sector and civil society for taking these solutions to scale.
Catching up to yield potential is possible if more farmers can access and efficiently utilize the available and new knowledge and technological innovations that address intensification of farming in a sustainable manner.
Present location of Africa RISING action sites
Partnership within research community
Manure
Food-feed crops
Livestock
Forages, trees
FeedDraft Soil nutrients
• Fertilizers• Seeds• Pesticides• Feeds• Vaccines• Infrastructure• Equipment• Labor• Services• etc.
• Grains
• Other crop
products
• Milk
• Meat
• Animals
• etc.
EfficientThroughput
Improved Inputs
IncreasedOutputs
…to generate multi-discipline sustainable intensification innovations for households
Cross-cutting: markets, institutions, gender, policy, etc.Adapted from Fernandez-Rivera, 2014
Approach I
Courting Research PartnersStatus:
• 240 scientists (not at same time)• From 47 research institutions• Meet annually at program and
project levels (reporting & planning)
• Meet more frequently at site level (implementation)
• Are members of R4D platforms that offer co-learning opportunities
Rule of thumb:
• Attract expertise and experience
• Integrate ideas and activities
• Empower individuals, teams and organizations to change for the better
Ghana: Functional partnerships begin implementing activities as teams during community analyses to identify research issues
followed by implementation of trials together.
Examples
Livestock and soils research partnership: Tanzania
Mean water productivity trends among forage grass- forage legume combinations (pasture -CC suitability). Kizito et al., 2016.
During the annual planning meetings, partners generate influence diagrams and prioritise entry points.Photo credit: G. Ndibalema
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500Feed (ton/ha) Grain (ton/ha)
Faba bean plot management
Yiel
d (to
n of
dry
mat
ter/h
a)
Inco
me
(USD
/ha)
Grain and feed biomass yields, and economic gains associated with different management approaches
Testing intercropping for:• Least diminished grain
yield but with improved feed biomass production.
Income benefits.
Ethiopia: Sustainable intensification for small-scale faba bean/forage production systems
Partnership with development actors
…co-investment with willing and able public and private actors for wider uptake and adoption of
research products, and generation of impact at scale
Approach II
Research Partners:Conductfarmer-driven research
Africa RISING
(1000s of farmers)
(10,000s – 100,000s of farmers)
Public sector: • Extension Program
Areas• School programs• Media
Private Sector•Inputs (e.g., seed companies)•Markets (e.g., export companies)
•Media
USAID Development projects
Alliance for scaling
Tanzania: Impact of research (AR) partnering with development (NAFAKA) on number of households using
Africa RISING technologies
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 20170
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
112 354 620 1304
16164
53500
No.
of h
ouse
hold
usin
g AR
inno
-va
tions
AR AR + NAFAKA
Examples
Ethiopian highlands: Scaling through partnership with government institutions
Endamehoni Woreda Office of Agriculture and GRAD introduced 45 feed troughs, 20 feed shade and 42 DLS technologies to 25 kebeles within and outside Africa RISING sites
Sinana Woreda Office of Agriculture and GRAD (NGO) facilitated purchase and distribution of 10.1 tons of Africa RISING improved seeds of durum wheat and 33.5 tons of potato to more than 240 farmers
Maize-nitrogen fertilizer
Maize-legume strip cropping
Cowpea spraying regime
Maize-vegetable intercropping
Maize-legume crop rotation
Integrated soil fertility -soybean
0 200 400 600 800
FemaleMaleTotal
Non-participating farmers using technology -
Ghana: The leadership of the Ministry of Food and Agriculture in organizing and hosting Farmer Field Days on research fields has raised the number of technology users to more than 3000.
Lessons1. The challenge of filling the yield gap is a multi-institutional
task2. It is important to identify the right partners (people within an
institution, rather than the institution itself) with appropriate commitment
3. Partnerships evolve over time and become stronger with better common understanding of the joint goals
4. In well functioning partnerships, individual interests become secondary. However, recognition of individuals’ unique “value-add” is important.
5. Partnerships are not meant to last for ever, they end when a certain goal is achieved, or if they become dysfunctional
6. Sustaining partnerships depends financial investmentThank you
Africa Research in Sustainable Intensification for the Next Generation
africa-rising.net
The presentation has a Creative Commons licence. You are free to re-use or distribute this work, provided credit is given to ILRI.