Alek Tarkowski

Centrum Cyfrowe Projekt: Polska

Creative Commons Poland

Open Access as an element of an "Open All" approach - policies and practices.

Open …. ?

• OA has developed multiple standards, tools, models that can be reused in other sectors

„Open All”

• Not necessarily applicable to every bit of content

• Di"erent from Wikipedia’s access to all knowledge

• Rather creation of norms for all types of content / all #elds of creativity / knowledge creation (to which exceptions can exist)

„Open All”

• Open = Access to Content + User Rights

• Everyone has a particular point of entry / point of reference

• Access vs. (Re)use – the latter more problematic

„Open All”

• Free / Open Software • Open Access … and Open Science • Open education (HE, K-12,

preschool) • Open data: Public Sector Information,

Public Data • Open GLAM: heritage, cultural sector

content

„Open All”

• An ongoing, gradual extension of the open model / philosophy to all spheres of activity.

• What is the key area of activity? •  Is „open convergence” possible,

towards a single standard of open? • What are key areas of activity? • What are strategic areas of activity?

From grassroots activity to top-down policies

•  „Open anything” begins with grassroots activity and develops into a policy debate over time • Open data / PSI an obvious outlier

From grassroots activity to top-down policies

•  Policies provide strong leverage for implementation of open standards

•  Public character (funding) of content a strong argument for openness: the commons / public infrastructure

•  Policies lack the element of personal, voluntary decision – but are an expression of a consensus as to the „management” of common resources

point of reference: OA

•  Advantages: •  Mature content production and distribution

model (also from an economic perspective) •  20+ years of experience w/ implementation •  Precise goals / tools / theory of change –

„modest” in a good sense (vs. open science) •  Clear institutional policy model •  Challenges: •  (relatively) low attention paid to licensing •  Low content reuse

point of reference: OER

•  Advantages: •  Clear arguments about importance of reuse •  Greater potential for grassroots involvement •  Challenges: •  Less mature implementation model

•  Tools / standards for OER •  Ongoing licensing debate •  More varied content makes developing a theory

of change di$cult •  Reuse: high potential / still little proof

Open all: template

• Repositories • Metadata • Author / publisher /

intermediary compliance • Legal / licensing standards • Use / reuse practices (by users)

LAW

Licensing debate

•  Strong open licensing is crucial for OER and other areas, where reuse is of key importance

•  Good reasons to include open licesing in standards for *any* area

•  Public funding – strong argument for fully open licensing

• Open Knowledge De#nition as a underlying / uni#ying mechanism for standards negotiation

Poland

Poland: Open Textbooks

•  Context: OER in Poland in last 5 years •  Coalition for Open Education (KOED) •  Public OER projects •  Grassroots activities •  2012: Open Textbooks project

•  CC BY + WCAG + open format • No policy behind it

Open Public Resources Act

• General model from the „Open textbooks” project

• Complimentary to Public Sector Information rules -> together would form a general open norm for public content

•  Inspiration drawn from AUSGOAL and NZGOAL frameworks

• 2013: Bill proposal

Open Public Resources Act

• Beyond PSI access / reuse rules • Public or publicly funded (50%?) • Transfer of rights or co-ownership of

rights to a work (instead of licensing, a major point of contention)

• Three tiers of openness + opt-out clause

• Embargo period

Poland: State of OA?

Beyond the licensing debate

•  EU: 2013: Licences for Europe •  The example of Text and Data Mining

(licensing vs. Open Access vs. copyright exception)

•  Risk of using the existence of open licensing models as an excuse for lack of copyright reform – example of Elsevier Content Mining Policy

Beyond the licensing debate: CC

Beyond the licensing debate: CC

• We are dedicated stewards of our licenses and tools […] But the CC vision—universal access to research and education and full participation in culture—will not be realized through licensing alone.

• CC licenses are not a substitute for users’ rights, and CC supports ongoing efforts to reform copyright law to strengthen users’ rights and expand the public domain.

Europe: Open all?

• OA: Framework Programs -> Horizon 20202

• OER: „Opening Up Educaton” • Open data: Reuse Directive • But also … Copyright Directive:

exceptions & limitations

Openwashing

• MOOC (MOPENOC) • Mark Lester – how are MOOCs open:

• Non-selective • Not tied to physical location • No limitations on number of students • Non full-time, no long commitment •  Low or no cost

• MFLEXIBLEOC? • Why don’t MOOCs „get” openness?

Thank you!