Upload
alfred-tan
View
18
Download
2
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Chemical Composition of the Cell
Concept Map4.1 Chemical Composition of the Cell
Chapter 4: Chemical Composition of the Cell
Chemical Composition of the Cells
Inorganiccompounds
Organiccompounds
Chemical compounds Elements
Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic acids Proteins
Enzymes
Chapter 4: Chemical Composition of the Cell
Chapter4.1 Chemical Composition of the Cell
Chapter 4: Chemical Composition of the Cell
Lipids Carbohydrates Proteins Vitamins Nucleic acids
Organic Compounds(contain carbon)
Living organisms
Inorganic Compounds(do not contain carbon)
Water Carbohydrates Acids Bases Mineral salts
Non-living organisms
Chapter4.1 Chemical Composition of the Cell
in the Chemical Compounds compounds
Carbon, oxygen,hydrogen, nitrogen,phosphorus, sulphur
Proteins
Carbon, oxygen,hydrogen
Carbohydrates
Carbon, oxygen,hydrogen
Lipids
Hydrogen, oxygen Water
Carbon, oxygen,hydrogen, phosphorus,nitrogen
Nucleic acids
Chapter 4: Chemical Composition of the Cell
Chapter4.1 Chemical Composition of the Cell
compoundsof mineral ions (Elements)
Mg2+ Act as a cofactor for someenzymes
Ca2+
Mg2+ is required for thesynthesis of chlorophyll
Formation of strong bonesand teeth
Na2+ Regulates osmotic pressurein cells
CI− To maintain pH in thestomach
Helps in the transmission ofnerve impulses and musclecontractions
K+
Chapter 4: Chemical Composition of the Cell
Chapter4.1 Chemical Composition of the Cell
compoundsof mineral ions
Fe2+ Synthesis of red blood cells
Synthesis of chlorophyll
Components of macromolecules
SO2−
4
PO3−
4
NO−
3
Chapter 4: Chemical Composition of the Cell
Carbohydrates Starch is the main energy store of carbohydrates
in plant cells Glycogen is the main energy store of
carbohydrates in animal tissues
Primary source of energy
Chapter4.1 Chemical Composition of the Cell
Proteins
Structure: basic units are amino acids
Synthesis of enzymes, hormones, antibodiesand haemoglobin
Synthesis of haemoglobin in red blood cells totransport oxygen
Build new cells and renew damaged tissues
Chapter 4: Chemical Composition of the Cell
Chapter4.1 Chemical Composition of the Cell
Chapter 4: Chemical Composition of the Cell
Lipids Fats and oil are important sources of energy
The layer of adipose tissue insulates thebodies of animals against cold temperatures
Solvent for vitamins A, D, E and K
Protect major organs of the body by lining withadipose tissue
Phospholipids are the main constituent of theplasma membrane
Forms complex molecule structure such assteroids
Wax prevents water loss in plants andinfection by pathogens
Chapter4.1 Chemical Composition of the Cell
Nucleic acids Basic units are nucleotides, which storegenetic information in codes
Two types of nucleic acids : Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Messenger RNA carries DNA’s genetic codeinto the cytoplasm
DNA passes genetic information fromone generation to another
Chapter 4: Chemical Composition of the Cell
Chapter4.1 Chemical Composition of the Cell
O
H
H
Water molecule (two hydrogen atoms and an oxygen atom)
Chapter 4: Chemical Composition of the Cell