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LESSONS AND STRATEGIES TO ERADICATE FMD: THE PHILIPPINE EXPERIENCE
International Workshop on Management and Control of Important Transboundary Animal Diseases in the Asian Pacific Region
July 25-29, 2016, Bay Leaf Hotel, Manila, Philippines
Reildrin Morales & Carolyn Benigno
Outline
• Background: FMD in the Philippines• The FMD control and eradication programme• Strategies• Critical Control Pathway• Progressive Zoning Approach• Conclusions• Lesson learned
1st case of FMD was documented in 1902 in meat animals imported from Hongkong
Type O 1952-2005
Type A 1975
Type C 1976
Type A - Last Reported 1983
Type C - Last Reported 1995
FMD in the Philippines
2009 LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY INDUSTRY
Sub-Sector Billion P Growth
Crops 632.0 +0.08%
Fisheries 215.6 -0.08%
Livestock/Poultry 340.3 +7.95%
Livestock & Poultry Production
53.2% Share18.2%
Share28.7% Share
AGRICULTURE Sector Production = P1.19T at Current Prices for 2.18% growth.
6%
46%2%3%
0%
32% 9%2%Commodity ‘000 MT Growth
Cattle 245.11 2.49%Swine 1,877.34 1.16%Goat 77.38 -0.81%Carabao 140.91 0.35%Dairy Cattle 14.27 3.33%Poultry-M 1,300.90 1.53%Poultry-E 368.46 5.04%Duck - M&E 75.57 -0.07%
Philippine Agriculture (then…)
Agriculture
Livestock and Poultry 26-29 %
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Agriculture16%-18%
6%
47%31%
1% 9% 1%3%
2%0%
Carabao Cattle HogGoat Dairy ChickenDuck Chicken Eggs Duck Eggs
Livestock and poultry Industry (during the last phase of eradication)
71%29%
Swine Raising
Backyard Farms Commercial Farms
Livestock Inventory by Farm Type
Species Farm Type 2007 2008 2009* % share*
Hog
Backyard 9,825,510 9,726,820 9,602,822 70.6
Commercial 3,633,820 3,974,200 3,993,577 29.4
Total 13,459,330 13,701,020 13,596,399 100.0
Carabao
Backyard 3,377,061 3,332,223 3,314,832 99.8
Commercial 6,544 6,347 6,134 0.2
Total 3,383,621 3,338,570 3,320,966 100.0
Cattle
Backyard 2,408,185 2,408,733 2,421,725 93.6
Commercial 157,664 157,759 164,661 6.4
Total 2,565,849 2,566,492 2,586,386 100.0
Goat
Backyard 4,015,979 4,135,744 4,178,607 99.0
Commercial 32,571 38,507 43,627 1.0
Total 4,048,550 4,174,251 4,222,234 100.0
Strategies
Animal Movement
Management
Disease Surveillance
and Monitoring
FMD Eradication Strategies
Public Awareness
Laboratory tests employed:
Indirect Sandwich ELISA for antigen detection from vesicular fluid and/or epithelium
Liquid Phase Blocking ELISA fro Antibody detection for surveillance and monitoring in FMD-free areas and monitoring of vaccination
Ceditest FMD-NS (Netherlands) or PrioCHECK® FMDV NS for detection of antibodies against non-structural proteins FMDV which is used in serosurveillance
FMD Diagnosis
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008(up to 3rd quarter
only)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
Zoning
Zone 1 Total
Zone 2 Total
Zone 3 Total
FMD Serum Sample Submission 2000 to 2008
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 20080
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
Summary of epithelial in samples from Zone 2 tested in the FMD laboratory
No.
of S
ampl
e Te
sted
Public Awareness
• Radio program for livestock farmers (school-on-air) – Early morning programs to educate farmers– Engagement of farmers on importance of FMD
control• Educating other stakeholders
– Traders– Meat sellers– Consumers
Animal Movement Management
Farm Accreditation
REGION III No. of Commercial
Farms
PAMPANGA 257BULACAN 180TARLAC 40NUEVA ECIJA 57BATAAN 57ZAMBALES 29AURORA** 20**TOTAL 640
REGION IV-A No. of Commercial
Farms
BATANGAS 300
LAGUNA 100
RIZAL 40
QUEZON 60
CAVITE 60
Total 560
REGION I No. of Commercial
Farms
I.NORTE** 43
I.SUR 9
LA UNION 9
PANGASINAN 165
TOTAL 226
Vaccination
19981999
20002001
20022003
20042005
20062007
2008
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
Zone 1 Zo
ne 3 Zone 2
FMD
Vacc
ine
Dose
s Adm
inist
ered
Critical Control Pathway(Last Phase)
1030
5070
data
-10
05
1020
seas
onal
1015
2025
3035
40
trend
-30
-10
010
30
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
rem
aind
er
time
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
2004 2005 2006 2007
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
12
3
17
87
13
19
10
15
4
87 7
19
65
0 0 0
3
0 0 01
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
FMD Outbreaks2004-2007
DPWH
PPA
NMIC CMT/NP
FARM
SP/VHC
slaughter-house Public MarketStockyard
Viajero
• Created in 2003 to address the increasing incidence of outbreaks in slaughterhouses
• The CMT is a composite team of veterinarians that functions as the clinical surveillance arm of the NFMDTF
The FMD Compliance Monitoring Team (CMT)
CMTs are tasked to monitor critical livestock establishments such as farms, slaughterhouses, auction markets, weighing stations, stockyards and lechon (roast pig) establishments
CMTS ARE MANDATED BY BAI TO CONDEMN AND DESTROY FMD INFECTED ANIMALS
CMTs ensure stakeholder compliance to guidelines prescribed by BAI on animal movement and the ‘All-In All-Out Policy’ in slaughterhouses
The CMT detected 164 FMD outbreaks from 2004-2005 in NCR and nearby provinces
The CMT condemned and destroyed a total of 664 FMD infected animals from 2004 - 2005
CMT operations are conducted in coordination with LGU Field Officers
Stamping out of was executed by the CMT to arrest the disease where detected
A thorough cleaning and disinfection program is strictly implemented after every condemnation
Regular visits to various livestock and meat establishments (intensified public awareness targeting consumers)
Trip ni Super Pig
Promoting awareness on FMD and the advocacy on clean and safe meat
Progressive Zoning Approach
1. arrest the disease situation of a given area
2. protect the gains by upgrading the area’s status from infected to protected with corresponding required measures (based on the 4 Components) like movement control to prevent re-infection
3. further upgrade status-as per progress from protected to free zones (w/ or w/o vaccination) and correspondingly adapt stricter measures on livestock activities
Conclusion
• Presence of political support that translated to funding has been critical
• Implementation of appropriate, science-based policies
• A strong advocacy front brought the stakeholders on a common ground; to assume ownership of the program and implement given measures, as its intended beneficiaries
Continued…
• Presence of networks and existing collaborations among stakeholders
• Presence of a functional coordination platform that provides an avenue for implementers and stakeholders, to discuss and agree on issues
• The presence of a unique structure, a dedicated team- the FMD Task Force to work in carrying out the activities in the national plan, allowed simultaneous implementation of complementary activities to deliver desired results – including M&E
Lessons Learned
• Government policy is only as important as the capacity to implement them
• Everybody has to have their share (ownership)• Support to the program (and others like it) is
best translated to action and budget
Now faith is the substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen. For by it the elders obtained a good report.
- Hebrews 11:1
Thank you very much…