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Prashant VikramCRP Wheat Representative
CIMMYT
Genetic approaches for mobilizing gene bank variation
Why we need gene bank ?
Utilizing gene bank biodiversity could be one way to enhance productivity of wheat
Rht1 & 2: Japanese dwarf landrace wheat Daruma Rht 8 : Japanese landrace Akakomugi
1. WHEAT GENE BANK
Generation advancement
Field evaluation
Strategic Crossing
2. DEVELOPING RESOURCE
3. UTILIZING RESOURCE: PRE-BREEDING4. MOVING TO NARS BREEDING PIPELINES
Mobilizing Resource: The Road Map
Genetic and Genomic Resource
Impact of heat on wheat
~ 10% yield loss per 1oC increase in temperature
By 2050, 20-30% yield loss in South Asia alone, affecting over 1 billion people
70,000 wheat accessions screened for heat stress tolerance
Genetic Resource: Evaluation for heat tolerance
Panel of heat and drought tolerant landraces
YR Resistant Landraces
Genetic Resource: Evaluation for Rust Resistance
Research on wheat rust during 1961-2009 added to world wheat harvests worth US $1.12 billion per year (at 2010 prices)
Science, 340:147-148(2013)
Panel of landraces for yellow rust resistance
Evaluated ~15,000 wheat landraces for quality traits
Nu
mb
er o
f ge
no
typ
es
Grain zinc concentration (ppm)
Wheat landrace evaluation for high zinc content
Genetic Resource: Evaluation for Zinc content
Panel of landraces for high Zinc
Genomic Resource: Segregation distortion on 6B
Genomic associations identified for rust resistance and yield in three populations
H.Li- P.Vikram equal contribution et al. 2015 BMC Genomics
Vikram et al. Unpublished
Bi-parental mapping for rust resistance
using GBS
Association mapping for rust
resistance using GBS
Genomic Resource: Rust Resistance
The Mexican Landrace Story
Cluster 1
Cluster 2
Cluster 5
Cluster 3
Cluster 4
Cluster 6
NORTH
CENTRAL
SOUTH
T.ASTIEVUM
T.DURUM
S.CEREALE
Cluster 1: Majority of landraces in this group are from central MexicoCluster 2: Majority of landraces in this group are from Northern MexicoCluster 3: Majority of landraces in this group are from southern Mexico and are T. durumCluster 4: Genetic group with accessions from different origin and speciesCluster 5: Group specific to MichoacnCluster 6: Group of Secale cereale only
Mexican Landrace Story: Diversity Analysis
Diversity Profiling of 8000 Mexican Landraces
Mexican Landrace Story: The Rare Alleles
Unique rare alleles in Mexican Landraces
GBS data PCA + Phenotypic variables
Hierarchical Multiple Factor Analysis
6 principal axes (75% geno; 25% pheno)
29 groups in Iranian LR 21 groups in Mexican LR
Stratified random sampling using D-method
Measured diversity by Gowers distance
Selected core subsets
Mexican Landrace Story: Core Set
Landrace core set distributed to South Asia,
Africa, Mexico & USA
Grain yield under heat stress
-Lo
g (p
)
Chromosomes
Mexican Landrace Story: GWAS for Heat Tolerance
8000 Mexican landraces
Phenotype(Heat, Drought, Quality, Irrigated)
GBS profiling(20K SNPs)
(A) Diversity analysis (B) Core set development
(C) Core set evaluation(D) Trait donor identification(E) Use in pre-breeding
Heat, Drought, Diseases, Quality
Michoacn: Rare allele hot spot
Unique and large scale efforts made to move useful wheat gene bank diversity to the NARS breeding pipelines
Mexican Landrace Story Gene bank to Breeding Pipeline
Wheat Pre-Breeding
8,000 advanced lines selected under heat, drought and diseases
Multi-location evaluation is in progress
Genetic populations available for accelerating gene discovery
1000 Linked top cross populations
Wheat Pre-Breeding @ CIMMYT
Pre Breeding product
Exotics = Landraces, SyntheticsElites = CIMMYTs best BW lines
x
Segregating population
Screening in target environments - Mexico, South Asia, Africa
Breeding / varietal pipelines
CIM
MY
T
NA
RS
El Batan Diseases, input use
Rusts, plant typeToluca
H, D, YieldObregon
Selection
FARMERS
Exoticssynthetics, landraces, FIGS
Elite
Pre-Breeding @ CIMMYTThe Delivery Path
Kevin Pixley Director GRP
Sukhwinder-Singh SeeD Wheat LeadCarolina SansaloniCarolina Saint-PierreKate Dreher
GRPHans Braun Director GWPRavi Singh: Germplasm enhancementTom Payne: wheat genebankMatthew Reynolds: heat/droughtPawan Singh: DiseasesJavier Pea: QualityDeepmala: Molecular biologyIvan Ortz-Monasterio: P efficiency
GWP
BSU: Juan, J. Crossa, H. Li
We acknowledge all researchers at CIMMYT or elsewhere who have contributed directly or indirectly to this project
CIMMYT & Mexican Partners
gracias!
tak
dank u
salamatmerci
danke
takk
Thank YOU for Your Support
kiitos
grazie
na-ekele unuobrigado
dankie
tack
teekkr ederim