Presentation of Plant AnatomyPresentation of Plant Anatomy

Presented to;Presented to;

Mam TaibaMam Taiba

Presented by;Presented by;

Farrukh JamilFarrukh Jamil

Roll no;Roll no;

_001_001

Plant Tissues;Plant Tissues;

Groups or masses of the cells that are alike in Groups or masses of the cells that are alike in region, structure, and function form tissue. region, structure, and function form tissue. From the study point of view, the tissues may From the study point of view, the tissues may be grouped into three principal groups;be grouped into three principal groups;

1-Meristems or meristematic tissues.1-Meristems or meristematic tissues. 2-Permanent tissues.2-Permanent tissues. 3-Secretory tissues.3-Secretory tissues.

MeristemMeristem

Meristem is a ‘Geek word Meristosis” Meristem is a ‘Geek word Meristosis” meaning to divide.meaning to divide.

A meristemic tissue consists of a group of A meristemic tissue consists of a group of cells which remain in a continuous state of cells which remain in a continuous state of division or they retain their power of division.division or they retain their power of division.

Meristem

Charectrstics of meristem;Charectrstics of meristem; Composed of immature cells which are state of Composed of immature cells which are state of

division and growth.division and growth. Intercellular spaces are absent.Intercellular spaces are absent. Cells are rounded,oval or polygonal in shape.Cells are rounded,oval or polygonal in shape. Cells are always living and thin walled.Cells are always living and thin walled. Each cells has abundant cytoplasm and one or Each cells has abundant cytoplasm and one or

more nuclei.more nuclei. Nuclei are may quite small or absent.Nuclei are may quite small or absent. The cells are capable of regular,continuous The cells are capable of regular,continuous

mitotic division.mitotic division.

Classification 0f Meristem;Classification 0f Meristem;

The meristematic tissue is classified on the basis of The meristematic tissue is classified on the basis of origin, location in the plant body and differentiation.origin, location in the plant body and differentiation.

Based on originBased on origin Based on locationBased on location Based on differentiationBased on differentiation

Based on origin;Based on origin;Based on origin, meristem can be classified into Based on origin, meristem can be classified into the following two types:the following two types:

Primary meristemPrimary meristem

Secondary meristemSecondary meristem

Primary Meristem;Primary Meristem;

It is the meristem present at right from embryonic It is the meristem present at right from embryonic stagestage

Active throughout the life of plantActive throughout the life of plant Responsible for primary growth in the plant bodyResponsible for primary growth in the plant body Responsible for primary growth in the plant bodyResponsible for primary growth in the plant body It gives rise to primary permanent tissue of the plant It gives rise to primary permanent tissue of the plant

bodybody

Found at the tip of root and shootFound at the tip of root and shoot

Example Example

Meristem found at the tip of the stem and root.Meristem found at the tip of the stem and root.

Secondary Meristem;Secondary Meristem;

It is the meristem that aears later in the life It is the meristem that aears later in the life cycle of a plantcycle of a plant

. It is responsible for secondary growth in the . It is responsible for secondary growth in the plant bodyplant body

. It gives rise to secondary permanent tissues . It gives rise to secondary permanent tissues such as secondary cortex and secondary such as secondary cortex and secondary xylem.xylem.

e.g Cork cambium and vascular cambium.e.g Cork cambium and vascular cambium.

. Based on Location (or Position) . Based on Location (or Position) in the Plant Bodyin the Plant Body

Apical meristemApical meristem Intercalary meristemIntercalary meristem Lateral meristemLateral meristem

Apical Meristem;Apical Meristem;

It is the meristem present at the tip of the root It is the meristem present at the tip of the root and stem, commonly called as root apex and and stem, commonly called as root apex and shoot apex respectively.shoot apex respectively.

Such meristems constitute the actively Such meristems constitute the actively growing regions in the plant body. growing regions in the plant body.

Due to the activity of apical meristem the plant Due to the activity of apical meristem the plant body keeps increasing in its lengthbody keeps increasing in its length

Root and Apical MeristemRoot and Apical Meristem

Shoot Apical MeristemShoot Apical Meristem

Root Apical MeristemRoot Apical Meristem

1. Root cap initials

2. Protoderm3. Ground

meristem4. Procambium5. Root cap

Inercalary Meristem;Inercalary Meristem;

It is the meristem that occurs between It is the meristem that occurs between permanent tissuespermanent tissues

. It may also occur at the base of the leaves. It may also occur at the base of the leaves It is particularly common at the nodal regions.It is particularly common at the nodal regions. It is also responsible for the formation of It is also responsible for the formation of

branches at the nodal regions.branches at the nodal regions. The apical and intercalary meristems are The apical and intercalary meristems are

examples of primary meristem.examples of primary meristem.

Intercalary MeristemIntercalary Meristem

Lateral meristemLateral meristem

The lateral meristems are composed of such The lateral meristems are composed of such initials which divides in mainly in one initials which divides in mainly in one plane(periclinally) and increase in the diameter plane(periclinally) and increase in the diameter of an organ.of an organ.

This is responsible for growth in thickness of This is responsible for growth in thickness of plant body. plant body.

Based on Differentiation;Based on Differentiation;

There are three typesThere are three types Protoderm (It is the meristem that always Protoderm (It is the meristem that always

differentiates into protective structures like differentiates into protective structures like epidermis).epidermis).

Ground meristem(It is the meristem that Ground meristem(It is the meristem that always differentiates into ground tissue always differentiates into ground tissue components such as cortex, endodermis and components such as cortex, endodermis and pith).pith).

ProcambiumProcambium

It is the meristem that always differentiates It is the meristem that always differentiates into the into the vascular tissuesvascular tissues like xylem and  like xylem and phloem.phloem.

Lateral Meristems – secondary Lateral Meristems – secondary growth in woody plantsgrowth in woody plants

This stem has two lateral meristems. They are the vascular cambium and the cork cambium. (This is 1 year)

Lateral Meristems – secondary Lateral Meristems – secondary growth in woody plantsgrowth in woody plants

Basswood – root in cross sectionBasswood – stem in cross section; 1, 2, 3 year old stems

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