INVITRO POLLINATION AND ARTIFICAL SEED

SUBMIITED BY :- KIRAN B.S.c (H) BIOTECH 4TH SEM

INTRODUCTION Pollination and fertilization

under in vitro conditions offer an opportunity for producing hybrid embryos among plants that cannot cross by conventional methods of plant breeding.

This technique was developed at university of Delhi in papaveracea and solanaceae .

The vitro pollination can be accomplished by procedure by following appropriate sterilization procedure, suitable nutrient medium and selection of suitable explant.

IMPORTANCE OF INVITROPOLLINATION

In nature, Interspecific hybridization occurs less frequently. This is due to hindering factor.

FACTOR:- barrier to the growth of the pollen tube on the stigma or style.

SOLUTION :-In such cases the style or part of it can be excised and pollen grains either placed on the cut surface of OVARY.

This technique, called intraovarian pollination, EXAMPLE :- Papaver sommiferum , Eschscholtiza

California, Argemone Mexicana and Argemone ochroleuca

DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES Stigmatic pollination: In vitro application of pollen to the stigma. Ovarian pollination: In vitro application of pollen to excised ovary. Placental pollination: In vitro application of pollen to ovules

attached to the placenta. Ovular pollination: application of pollen to excised ovules under in

vitro condition.

APPLICATION OF IN VITRO POLLINATION

In plant breeding the technique of in vitro pollination has potential applications in at least three different areas,

a) overcoming self-incompatibility

b) overcoming cross-incompatibility

c) haploid production through parthenogenesis.

ARTIFICIAL SEEDS

In simple words synthetic seed contains an embryo produced by somatic embryogenesis enclosed within an artificial medium that supplies nutrients and is encased in an artificial seed covering.

The technology designed to combine the advantages of clonal propagation with those of seed propagation and storage.

The first synthetic seeds were produced by Kitto and Janick in 1982 using carrot somatic embryos

PROCEDURE FOR SYNTHETIC SEED PRODUCTION:

(1) Establishment of callus culture

(2) Induction of somatic embryogenesis in callus culture

(3) Maturation of somatic embryos

(4) Encapsulation of somatic embryos

After encapsulation, the artificial seeds are tested by two steps:

(1) Test for embryoid to plant conversion

(2) Green-house and field planting.

ADVANTAGES OF SYNTHETIC SEEDS OVER SOMATIC EMBRYOS FOR PROPAGATION 1. Ease of handling while in storage 2. Easy to transport 3. Has potential for long term storage without

losing viability 4. Maintains the clonal nature of the resulting

plants 5. Serves as a channel for new plant lines

produced through biotechnological advances to be delivered directly to the green house or field

6. Allows economical mass propagation of elite plant varieties

ADVANCED SEED AgriCOTE is a unique seed

application technology that is used to apply various beneficial agricultural products to seed.

Benefits of using AgriCOTE treated seed is as follows:

• Improved handling through increased flow-ability of the seed.• Improved seed to soil contact.• Added protection against insect predation.• Added protection against seedling rot.• Added nutrition to the developing seedling.• Improved seedling survival and establishment.• Economical to use.• Inoculant can be added during the process.

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