Ghana solar pumping_project1

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PV Solar Water Pumping

PV Solar Water Pumping Project

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Trang bìa .........................................................................…...1

M c l c……………………………………………...2ụ ụOverview of Project……………………………………….......3Map of Ghana…………………………………………………5Budget Summary………………………………………….......6Project SitesSindigu………………………………………………..7The Community Water needs……………........8Site Schematic…………………………….…..9Calculations……………………………….…10Pump statistics and projected volumes……....13Ying………………………………………………….14The Community Water needs…………….….15Site Schematic……………………………….16Calculations………………………………….17Pump statistics and projected volumes………20Kpalba……………………………………………….The Community Water needs………………..21Site Schematic……………………………….24Calculations………………………………….25Pump statistics and projected volumes………28

Detailed budget and list of materials needed………………..29

Why we chose Solar Power for this project…………………33Solar System Schematic/description/Specifications………...34

Reference documentation ………………………………….

Solar and Climate Data Table…………………..……41

Data Set from all Sites………………………….........44

Ghana Solar Water Pumping Project

Overview

There is a need for pumping water from wells bored in northern Ghana. Many of the people in rural Ghana are subsistence farmers who rely on intermittent sources of water for their domestic needs. Many new wells have been bored (by World Vision) in these rural areas of Ghana. Most of these wells have been equipped with hand pumps.

There are some situations where the hand pumping is not feasible and a mechanized pumping system would better provide for the domestic water needs of the community. These wells are located a great distance from the community or are located in a swampy area that cannot be accessed on foot. It is to these sites that our team from the U.S. was taken by members of World Vision Ghana.

We conducted a feasibility study for mechanizing bore wells with solar powered pumps to provide water for the community in the Northern Regions of Ghana in August 2008. This study was commissioned in order to launch a joint World Vision (WV)/Rotary project aimed at extending access to clean water in electricity scarce regions of northern

Ghana. A small team from the United States—Brad Burkhartzmeyer (Solar Technical Expert), Dhaval Dhru (Rotary Federal Way Representative), and John Stiefel (WVUS WASH Specialist)—joined the World Vision ‘Ghana Rural Water Project (GRWP)’ staff to identify potential project sites.Our team visited 10 different sites. We have selected three of the sites as having the most need for solar pumped water that can provide for the greatest number of people. The sites are Sindigu, Ying, and Kpalba. Each of these communities has a unique and difficult situation for getting their daily water needs. You will find a description of each of the sites in the pages that follow. The technical data and calculations to determine the solar power and pump needed are included as well, followed by the projected daily water capacity that will be pumped at each site.

A comprehensive budget has been prepared to provide each of the three communities with the pump, the solar power plant, the storage tanks, the faucets and necessary plumbing pipes and valves, as well as a fence to protect the equipment.

©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 3 -

The solar pumping project will provide 40 liters of water per day to each person in these communities from a tap stand located no more than 300 meters from their homes. Currently the folks in these communities are walking more that 1 kilometer to retrieve water on a daily basis. All of the wells have been tested to ensure that the water is safe to drink for the community. Pump tests have been performed on the wells to ensure that the well can recover its water level even while pumping it out with the solar power.

Extensive training will be provided for representatives from each community and the staff at World Vision’s Ghana Rural Water Project. Since each community will own it’s power plant and pumping system, we want provide the training capacity so that the systems can be maintained and provide years of water.We aim to provide the power plant, pump, water delivery system, and the necessary training for $62.00 per person served.

Technical Representative Brad Burkhartzmeyer (253)-414-4099 [email protected]

Rotary Representative

Bill Feldt (253)-839-0665 [email protected]


Ying

Kpalba

Sindigu


GHANA SOLAR PUMPING PROJECT - MATERIALS LIST

Date: Oct 21, 2008

MATERIALS SITE TOTALS

Sindigu Ying Kpalba All

SOLAR SYSTEM 6,141.17 12,157.14 19,628.02 37,926.33

WATER TANK 3,200.00 9,400.00 12,600.00 25,200.00

FENCING 1,308.00 1,308.00 2,190.00 4,806.00

PIPING 2,546.22 2,680.16 6,674.72 11,901.10

TAP STAND STRUCTURE/PLUMBING ASSEMBLY 1,530.00 1,530.00 4,590.00 7,650.00

ELECTRICAL 1,142.96 1,452.96 1,627.12 4,223.04

LABOR / EQUIPMENT 1,077.00 3,010.00 1,706.00 5,793.00

OPERATION & MAINTANENCE 1,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 3,000.00

OTHER (shipping, etc.) 1,237.50 1,237.50 1,237.50 3,712.50

Sub total 19,182.85 33,775.76 51,253.36 104,211.97

World Vision Overhead/Admin costs at 21% 4,028.40 7,092.91 10,763.21 21,884.51

SUB-TOTAL 23,211.25 40,868.67 62,016.57 126,096.00

TRAINING AND TRAVEL All Sites TOTALS

CAPACITY BUILDING 8,300.00

TRAVEL, FOOD, LODGING, INSTRUCTORS 19,720.00

Sub total 28,020.00

World Vision Overhead/Admin costs at 21% 5,884.00

SUB-TOTAL 33,904.00

GRAND TOTAL 160,000.00


Always On Solar™ Project for Ghana

Community Information

Village Name: Sindigu

Village Location: Savalugu-Nanton district of the Northern Region of Ghana Estimated 2008 population: 220Altitude/latitude: 300 m, 9° 41’ N, 0° 48’W

Description of the current situation for water in the village:

Currently the women from this small community walk about 1.2 kilometers to retrieve water for daily domestic needs from a well equipped with a hand pump. World Vision’s Ghana Rural Water Project has recently drilled two new wells in a low lying area about 700 meters from the village. Because these new bore holes are located in a low area far from the village we are

proposing to use solar power to pump water into a storage tank located closer to the village. Tap stands with faucets would be located adjacent to the tanks. It is believed that the community itself owns all of the land across which the distribution pipes would be installed.

Water Requirements

Using the minimum water requirement of 40 liters per day per person, Sindigu’s 220 inhabitants would need about 8,800 liters per day (2,315 gallons per day). The system would provide water for domestic drinking, cooking, and laundry, but not for crop irrigation or raising animals.


Water Resource

World Vision’s Ghana Rural Water Project has bored wells 37 and 43 meters deep, that have a recovery rates of 100 and 230 liters per minute. This recovery rate is well above the projected solar pumping rate of 30 lpm. The solar array can be located adjacent to the bore hole and will pump water into one 10,000 liter storage tank that will be located as far up the hill as we can with the given pump.

Water storage/Vertical Lift/ Solar Array Sizing

The tank(s) will be approximately 10000 liters in capacity to provide the community with 1.25 days of usage. A total dynamic head has been calculated to be 44 meters and the solar array has been calculated to be 700 watts. We are using 4.53 peak sun hours for calculations (Feb in highest with 6.21 peak sun hours and august lowest with 4.53)

Design Summary

Peak Sun Hours: 4.53 hours per day during least sunny monthLiters per day/ Gal per day: 8800 liters (2315 gal)Total dynamic Head 44 metersHydraulic Energy needed; .994 KwHr/day

Estimated array size: 700 watts

Projected Budget

We project that US$23,212.00 will be needed to bring this water up from the ground and deliver it to standpipes located nearer the homes using solar power. This is exclusive of substantial in-kind contributions, labor provided by the community, training, and travel needed to complete the project. The in-kind contributions are estimated at US$15,000.00.


Conclusion

The relatively low population and the relatively low change in elevation to get water to a point only 300 meters from the homes make this a good candidate for solar pumping. Of the site visited in August of 2008 this site would be near the top of the feasibility scale.

Sindigu site


Calculations

This is a summary of the technical calculations and statistics used to make them. These figures are based on information supplied by the field staff at World Vision’s Ghana Rural Water Project who bored the wells and conducted the pumping and water tests.

1 Location of Bore well: Sindigu

2 Population 2000 census 1652008 estimated 201

3 Daily production liters (40 lpd/person) 8040

4 Head (meters)Well Depth 43Dynamic Head 35Tank Height 3

Terrain Rise 4

Friction Loss adder(see calcs 3 & 4) 1.41

Total Head (meters) 43.415 Pumped piping distance 5006 Gravity piping distance 700

7 M4 =Head x cubic lpd needed 3498 Solar Go (If M4 < 1500) Yes

9 Tested Recovery Rate (lpm) 15010 Solar Pumping Rate Needed*

gal/min* 8

liter/min** 3011 Hydraulic Energy Needed (KwHr/day) 0.951

12 Solar Array watts 617*the gpm rate is daily consumption liters/3.8 gal/liter/4.53 peak sun hours/60 minutes/hour ** The lpm rate is daily consumption liters/4.53 peak sun hours/60 minutes/hour.

1 Hydraulic Energy Needed Sindigu

Eh = ρgHV/3.6x106

where Eh = hydraulic energy required in KwHr/Day

ρ = density of water (1000kg/m 3)

g = gravitational acceleration (9.81 m/s2)

H = total hydraulic head (m)

V = volume of water required (m3/day)

Eh = H x V x 0.002725

Eh = 43.41 x 8.04 x 0.002725

Eh = 0.95107 KwHr/day


2 Solar Array Size Sindigu

A = Eh/eFIdwhere A = array size in Kilowatts

Eh = hydraulic energy needed in KwHr/day

e = daily subsystem efficiencies (typically .25 - .40)

F = array mismatch factor (0.85 on average)

Id = average daily solar irradiance (worst month 4.53)

A = Eh / e / F / IdA = 0.95107 / 0.4 / 0.85 / 4.53

A = 0.617 Kilowatt

Friction Losses of Water Flow in Pipes - Pumping up from well to transition to 2" Village Sindigu

Flow Rate (gallons per minute) 8 gpm

Pipe diameter 1.5"

Friction lost factor per 100 feet of pipe from chart 0.721 1.5" loss

Fittings Quantity factor Extension

90° Elbow 4 4.00 16.00

45° Elbow 0 1.75 0.00

Insert Coupling 0 1.25 0.00

Gate Valve 0 0.80 0.00

Male-Female Adaptor 1 2.75 2.75

TEE flow through run 0 2.30 0.00TEE flow through

7.00 0.00branch 0

Union Fitting 1 2.00 2.00

Ball valve 1 0.80 0.80

Check Valve 1 0.80 0.80

Other 0 1.00 0.00Fittings Total(feet) = 22.35 feet

2 Pipe Run lengths (meters)

Well depth 35

Lateral Distance 2

Vertical Distance 0

Other 0

Total Pipe length (m) 37 x 3.3 ft/m= 122.1 feet

3 Total feet of pipe for friction calculations = 144.45 feet

4 Calculate what to add to overall head due to friction

Total feet divide by 100 1.44

Multiplied by friction factor from chart 0.72

Feet to add to overall head length is = 1.04 feet

Meters to add to overall head length is = 0.32 meters


Friction Losses in Pipes - 2" from top of well to Tank location Village Sindigu

Flow Rate (gallons per minute) 8

Pipe diameter 2

Friction lost factor per 100 feet of pipe from chart 0.211 2.0"

lossFittings Quantity factor Extension

90° Elbow 4 6.00 24.00

45° Elbow 0 2.50 0.00




TEE flow through run 0 4.30 0.00TEE flow throughbranch 0 12.00 0.00




Other 0 3.00 0.00Fittings Total(feet) = 36.00 feet


Well depth 0

Lateral Distance 500

Vertical Distance 8

Other 0x 3.3

Total Pipe length (m) 508 ft/m= 1676.4 feet

3 Total feet of pipe for friction calculations = 1712.40 feet










Village Name: Ying

Village Location: Savelugu-Nanton district of the Northern Region of Ghana Estimated 2008 population: 717Altitude: 300 m, 9° 42’ N, 0° 48’W

Description of the current situation for water in the village:

This is a small farming community where the women walk about 2 kilometers to retrieve water for daily domestic needs. World Vision’s Ghana Rural Water Project has drilled two new high-yield bore holes located 1000 meters from the community. Because these new bore holes are located in a low, swampy area we propose using solar power to pump water up the hill into storage tanks located closer to the village. Tap stands with faucets will be located adjacent to the storage tanks. It is believed the community owns the land across which the distribution pipes would be installed.

Water Requirements

Using the minimum water requirement of 40 liters per day per person Ying’s 717 inhabitants need about 28,800 liters per day (7,500 gallons per day). The system would provide water for domestic drinking, cooking, and laundry, but not for crop irrigation or raising animals.

Water Resource

World Vision’s Ghana Rural Water Project has bored two wells, 28 and 31 meters deep, that have recovery rates of 260 and 290 liters per minute. This recovery rate is well above the solar pumping rate of 106 lpm that we project. The solar array can be located


adjacent to the bore hole and pump water into four 10,000 liter storage tanks located about 15 meters higher in elevation and 500 meters closer to the village.

Water storage/ Vertical Lift/ Solar Array Sizing

The tank(s) will be approximately 40,000 liters in capacity and will provide about 1.4 days of storage capacity for the people of Ying. A total dynamic head has been calculated to be 31 meters for each of the two boreholes. We plan to install a solar pump at each well. The solar array for each well has been calculated to be 700 watts. We are using 4.53 peak sun hours for calculations (Feb in highest with 6.21 peak sun hours and august lowest with 4.53)

Design Summary

Peak Sun Hours: 4.53Liters per day/ Gal per day: 28,800 liters (7,500 gal)Total dynamic Head 31 metersHydraulic Energy needed 2,370 KwHr/day

Estimated array size: 1500 watts (split into two 700 watt systems)

Projected Budget

We project that US$40,900.00 will be neededto bring this water upfrom the ground anddeliver it to standpipeslocated nearer the homesusing solar power. This isexclusive of substantialin-kind contributions,labor provided by thecommunity, training, andtravel needed to completethe project. The in-kindcontributions areestimated at

US$15,000.00.

Conclusion


This site ranks high on the need scale for solar pumping because it serves a school as well as a farming community and the wells are located in a swampy area making it difficult to access on foot. The drawback is that the medium volume combined with high head due to steep terrain makes this system more costly due to the need for booster pumps to push water up hill closer to the school.

Ying site


Calculations


1 Location of Bore well: Ying 1


3 Daily production liters (40 lpd/person) 28680

4 Head (meters)Well Depth 28Dynamic Head 11Tank Height 0

Terrain Rise = 20 meters 15

Friction Loss adder(see calc 3 & 4) 4.86

Total Head (meters) 30.865 Pumped piping distance 5006 Gravity piping distance 3

7 M4 =Head x cubic lpd needed 8858 Solar Go (If M4 < 1500) Yes


gal/min 28

liter/min** 10611 Hydraulic Energy Needed (KwHr/day) 2.412

12 Solar Array watts 1566

*The gpm rate is daily consumption liters/3.8 gal/liter /4.51 peak sun hours/60 minutes/hour. ** The lpm rate is daily consumption liters/4.51 peak sun hours/60 minutes/hour.

1 Hydraulic Energy Needed Ying 1

Eh = ρgHV/3.6x106






Eh = H x V x 0.002725

Eh = 30.86 x 28.7 x 0.002725

Eh = 2.4118 KwHr/day


2 Solar Array Size Ying 1



e = daily subsystem efficiencies (typically .25 - .40)

F = array mismatch factor (0.85 on average)


A = Eh / e / F / Id

A = 2.4118 / 0.4 / 0.85 / 4.53

A = 1.566 Kilowatt

3 Friction Losses of Water Flow in Pipes - Pumping up from well to transition to 2"

Village Ying


Pipe diameter (inches) 1.5



90° Elbow 4 4.00 16.00

45° Elbow 0 2.00 0.00




TEE flow through run 0 2.70 0.00

TEE flow through branch 0 8.00 0.00




Other 0 1.50 0.00

Fittings Total (feet) = 24.00 feet


Dynamic head 11

Lateral Distance 3

Vertical Distance 0

Other 0

Total Pipe length (m) 14 x 3.3 ft/m= 46.2 feet

3 Total feet of pipe for friction calculation = 70.20 feet







4 Friction Losses in Pipes - 2" from top of well to Tank location

Village Ying


Pipe diameter 2



90° Elbow 4 6.00 24.00

45° Elbow 0 2.50 0.00









Other 0 3.00 0.00Fittings Total (feet)= 48.00 feet


Well depth 0


Vertical Distance 15

Other 0x 3.3

Total Pipe length (m) 515 ft/m= 1699.5 feet











Village Name: Kpalba (three communities)

Village Location: Saboba-Chereponi district of the Northern Region of Ghana Estimated 2008 population: 1583Altitude: 300 m, 9° 32’ N, 0° 15’ E

Description of the current water situation

Currently the village is getting water from a seasonal river that is about two kilometers away. The river water is not as clean as the well water and nearly dries up in the dry season. A new high yielding bore hole well has been drilled in a shallow depression and is to serve the three small communities that make up Kpalba. We propose using solar

powered pumps to pump water into a storage tanks located at a higher elevation than the borehole. Gravity will then be used to distribute water to tap stand faucets located nearer each of the three groupings of homes. It is believed the community owns all of the land across which the distribution pipes would be installed.

Water Requirements

Using the minimum water requirement of 30 liters per day per person Kapalba’s 1583 inhabitants would need about 47,500 liters per day (12,500 gallons per day). The system would provide water for domestic drinking, cooking, and laundry, but not for crop irrigation or raising animals.

Water Resource

World Vision’s Ghana Rural Water Project has bored a well 34 meters deep that has a recovery rate of 250 liters per minute. This recovery rate is above the solar pumping rate


of 175 lpm that we project. The solar array can be located adjacent to the bore hole and pump water into five 10,000 liter storage tanks that would be located some distance up the hill. From this location that is about 10 meters above the bore hole gravity may then feed water to a standpipe location at each of the three communities.

Water storage/Vertical Lift/Solar Array Sizing

The tank(s) will be approximately 50,000 liters in capacity. A total dynamic head has been calculated to be 39 meters and the solar array has been calculated to be 2800 watts. We are using 4.53 peak sun hours for calculations (February is highest with 6.21 peak sun hours and August lowest with 4.53). We propose to install two 1400 watt systems with two pumps, both dropped into the same borehole.

Design Summary

Peak Sun Hours: 4.53

Liters per day/ Gal per day: 47,500 liters (6,985 gallons)Total dynamic Head 39 metersHydraulic Energy needed 4.2 KwHr/dayEstimated array size: 2800 watts (Two arrays of 1400 each)

Projected Budget

We project that US$ 62,100.00 will be needed to bring this water up from the ground and deliver it to standpipes located nearer the homes using solar power. This is exclusive of substantial in-kind contributions, labor provided by the community, training, and travel needed to complete the project.


Conclusion

This community currently has very limited access to water so the site is high in priority for need. The high volume of water needed for 1500 people and the rise of 29 meters in the terrain between the pump and one of the communities increases the costs of the system. We can pump enough water for 30 liters per person per day by using two submersible pumps because the well has a high yield and a good recovery rate. This site can be served by a lower cost per person for water delivered than many of the other sites.


Kpalba site


Calculations


1 Location of Bore well: Kpalba 1 & 21


3 Daily production liters (30 lpd/person) 474904 Head (meters)

Well Depth 34Dynamic Head 22.54Tank Height 0

Terrain Rise = 29m 12

Friction Loss adder(1.5" pipe) 4.46

Total Head (meters) 395 Pumped piping distance 500

6 Gravity piping distance 1400

7 M4 =Head x cubic lpd needed 1,8528 Solar Go (If M4 < 1500) NO


gal/min 46

liter/min** 17511 Hydraulic Energy Needed per day 5.047

12 Solar Array watts 3277There will be two pumps lowered into the same bore well.

1 Hydraulic Energy Needed Kpalba

Eh = ρgHV/3.6x106






Eh = H x V x 0.002725

Eh = 39 x 47.49 x 0.002725

Eh = 5.047 KwHr/day


2 Solar Array Size Kpalba



e = daily subsystem efficiencies (typically .25 - .40)F = array mismatch factor (0.85 on average)


A = Eh / e / F / IdA = 5.047 / 0.4 / 0.85 / 4.53

A = 3.277 Kilowatt

Friction Losses of Water Flow in Pipes - pump to Tee Village Kpalba

Flow Rate (gallons per minute)* 10

Pipe diameter (inches) 1.5



90° Elbow 4 4.00 16.00

45° Elbow 0 2.00 0.00









Other 0 1.50 0.00



Dynamic Head 22.54

Lateral Distance 4

Other 0

Total Pipe length (m) 26.54 x 3.3 ft/m= 87.582 feet





Feet to add to overall head length is = 0.80 feetMeters to add to overall head length is = 0.24 meters


Friction Losses of Water Flow in Pipes - from Tee to tanks up the hill Village Kpalba


Pipe diameter 2



90° Elbow 4 6.00 24.00

45° Elbow 0 2.50 0.00




TEE flow through run 0 4.30 0.00TEE flow through

12.00 12.00branch 1




Other 0 3.00 0.00



Well depth 0


Other 0

Total Pipe length (m) 500 x 3.3 ft/m= 1650 feet









Summary Page of Budget


Date: Oct 21, 2008

MATERIALS SITE TOTALS

Sindigu Ying Kpalba All

SOLAR SYSTEM 6,141.17 12,157.14 19,628.02 37,926.33

WATER TANK 3,200.00 9,400.00 12,600.00 25,200.00

FENCING 1,308.00 1,308.00 2,190.00 4,806.00

PIPING 2,546.22 2,680.16 6,674.72 11,901.10TAP STAND STRUCTURE/PLUMBING

ASSEMBLY 1,530.00 1,530.00 4,590.00 7,650.00

ELECTRICAL 1,142.96 1,452.96 1,627.12 4,223.04

LABOR / EQUIPMENT 1,077.00 3,010.00 1,706.00 5,793.00

OPERATION & MAINTANENCE 1,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 3,000.00

OTHER (shipping, etc.) 1,237.50 1,237.50 1,237.50 3,712.50

Sub total 19,182.85 33,775.76 51,253.36 104,211.97

World Vision Overhead/Admin costs at 21% 4,028.40 7,092.91 10,763.21 21,884.51

SUB-TOTAL 23,211.25 40,868.67 62,016.57 126,096.00

TRAINING AND TRAVEL All Sites TOTALS

CAPACITY BUILDING 8,300.00

TRAVEL, FOOD, LODGING, INSTRUCTORS 19,720.00

Sub total 28,020.00

World Vision Overhead/Admin costs at 21% 5,884.00

SUB-TOTAL 33,904.00




Date: Oct 21, 2008

MATERIALS SITE TOTALSSindigu Ying Kpalba All

SOLAR SYSTEM 6,141.17 12,157.14 19,628.02 37,926 .33WATER TANK 3,200.00 9,400.00 12,600.00 25,200 .00

FENCING 1,308.00 1,308.00 2,190.00 4,806 .00PIPING 2,546.22 2,680.16 6,674.72 11,901 .10TAP STAND STRUCTURE/PLUMBING ASSEMBLY 1,530.00 1,530.00 4,590.00 7,650 .00ELECTRICAL 1,142.96 1,452.96 1,627.12 4,223 .04LABOR / EQUIPMENT 1,077.00 3,010.00 1,706.00 5,793 .00OPERATION & MAINTANENCE 1,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 3,000 .00OTHER (shipping, etc.) 1,237.50 1,237.50 1,237.50 3,712 .50Sub total 19,182.85 33,775.76 51,253.36 104,211.97World Vision Overhead and Admin costs at 21% 4,028.40 7,092.91 10,763.21 21,884 .51SUB-TOTAL 23,211.25 40,868.67 62,016.57 126,096.00

TRAINING AND TRAVEL All Sites TOTALSCAPACITY BUILDING 8,300.00 8,300 .00TRAVEL, FOOD, LODGING, INSTRUCTORS 19,720.00 19,720 .00Sub total 28,020.00 28,020 .00World Vision Overhead and Admin costs at 21% 5,884.00 5,884 .00SUB-TOTAL 33,904.00 33,904.00




MATERIALS UNIT PRICE SITEOctober 21, 2008 Sindigu Ying Kpalba

SOLAR SYSTEMSubmersible pump (No. of units) 1,370.00 1 1,370.00 2 2,740.00 2 2,740.00Controller CU200 for float switch and readout (No. of units) 220.09 1 220.09 2 440.18 2 440.18Controller IO 101 for generator control (No. of units) 293.12 1 293.12 2 586.24 1 293.12Solar array (No. of 175 watt panels) 810.00 4 3,240.00 8 6,480.00 16 12,960.00Rack for solar array (No. of units) supports 4 solar panels 380.00 1 380.00 0 0.00 0 0.00Rack for solar array (No. of units) supports 8 solar panels 780.00 0 0.00 1 780.00 2 1,560.00Float switch (No. of units) 13.55 1 13.55 2 27.10 2 27.10Disconnect switch with fuses dc rated 30 amp outdoor (No. of units) 197.09 1 197.09 2 394.18 2 394.183" (152 mm) schedule 40 galvanized steel pole - min 5 m (No. of units) 75.60 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.004" (152 mm) schedule 40 galvanized steel pole - min 5 m (No. of units) 164.60 1 164.60 0 0.00 0 0.006" (152 mm) schedule 40 galvanized steel pole - min 5 m (No. of units) 344.00 0 0.00 1 344.00 2 688.008" (152 mm) schedule 40 galvanized steel pole - min 5 m (No. of units) 482.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

1.6 m3 of reinforced concrete (No. of units) 60.00 1 60.00 1 60.00 2 120.00Rope 3/8" poly for supporting pump (No. of units) 25.00 1 25.00 2 50.00 2 50.00Booster pump - total solar assembly (No. of units) 5,000.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00Lightning ArrestorL 27.72 1 27.72 2 55.44 2 55.44Solar Panel interconnect cables (30 feet of MC4) 25.00 2 50.00 4 100.00 4 100.00Misc solar material 100.00 1 100.00 1 100.00 2 200.00

Sub-total 6,141.17 12,157.14 19,628.02WATER TANK

10m³ poly tank(s) (No. of units) 1,400.00 1 1,400.00 3 4,200.00 4 5,600.00water tower / structure [total height (m) of water tower(s) including sub-terrain foundation] -or- alternatively use a concrete slab for water tank,with tap downhill 850.00 2 1,700.00 6 5,100.00 8 6,800.00additional 5m³ poly tank located at the tap stand (No. of units) 800.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00Misc tank and structure material 100.00 1 100.00 1 100.00 2 200.00

Sub-total 3,200.00 9,400.00 12,600.00FENCING

2.5 m tall fence: chain link / barb wire (m) 52.00 24 1,248.00 24 1,248.00 40 2,080.00lock (No. of units) 10.00 1 10.00 1 10.00 1 10.00Misc fencing parts/materials 50.00 1 50.00 1 50.00 2 100.00

Sub-total 1,308.00 1,308.00 2,190.00PIPING

tank to tap:2 inch (50 mm) inner diameter PVC - type PVC40PE (m) 4.00 500 2,000.00 500 2,000.00 1400 5,600.002 inch (50 mm) union fitting (No. of units) 15.00 1 15.00 1 15.00 3 45.002 inch (50 mm) bulk head fitting [two per tank] (No. of units) 28.00 2 56.00 4 112.00 10 280.002 inch (50 mm) 90 degree elbow (No. of units) 2.00 4 8.00 5 10.00 10 20.002 inch (50 mm) Y fitting (No. of units) 10.00 0 0.00 1 10.00 32 inch (50 mm) male adapter (No. of units) 7.00 2 14.00 2 14.00 6 42.002 inch (50 mm) coupling (No. of units) 7.00 20 140.00 20 140.00 40 280.002 inch (50 mm) reducing fitting 2" to 3/4 inch (No. of units) 1.60 1 1.60 1 1.60 4 6.402 inch (50 mm) ball valve 11.88 1 11.88 1 11.88 3 35.64

well to tank:1.25 inch male adapter 1.50 1 1.50 2 3.00 2 3.001.25 inch inner diamter PVC (m) 2.60 1 2.60 1 2.60 1 2.601.5 inch (38 mm) inner diameter PVC (m) 2.60 60 156.00 80 208.00 80 208.001.5 inch (38 mm) union fitting (No. of units) 15.00 1 15.00 2 30.00 2 30.001.5 inch (38 mm) bulk head fitting (No. of units) 25.00 1 25.00 0 0.00 0 0.001.5 inch (38 mm) 90 degree elbow (No. of units) 1.50 4 6.00 4 6.00 4 6.001.5 inch (38 mm) male adapter (No. of units) 1.50 4 6.00 4 6.00 4 6.001.5 inch (38 mm) coupling (No. of units) 0.65 8 5.20 8 5.20 8 5.201.5 inch (38 mm) ball valver (No. of units) 9.94 1 9.94 2 19.88 2 19.881.5 inch (38mm) to 1.25 inch reducing fitting 2.50 1 2.50 2 5.00 2 5.001.5 inch check valve 10.00 1 10.00 2 20.00 2 20.00PVC glue (500 ml) 5.00 2 10.00 2 10.00 2 10.00Misc plumbing materials 50.00 1 50.00 1 50.00 1 50.00

Sub-total 2,546.22 2,680.16 6,674.72TAP STAND STRUCTURE/PLUMBING ASSEMBLY

tap stand (No. of units) 1,500.00 1 1,500.00 1 1,500.00 3 4,500.00lock (No. of units) 10.00 1 10.00 1 10.00 3 30.00a lockable 'switch off' valve (No. of units) 20.00 1 20.00 1 20.00 3 60.00

Sub-total 1,530.00 1,530.00 4,590.00


MATERIALS UNIT PRICE SITEOctober 21, 2008 Sindigu Ying Kpalba

ELECTRICAL1.5 mm (2 core) electrical wiring-for float switch (m) 0.62 500 310.00 1000 620.00 1000 620.00Submersible pump wire (3 wire, #10 AWG) (m) 2.50 60 150.00 60 150.00 60 150.001 inch (25 mm) inner diameter PVC electrical conduit (m) 0.90 560 504.00 560 504.00 600 540.001 inch (25 mm) PVC electrical conduit - 90° 0.90 16 14.40 16 14.40 32 28.801 inch (25 mm) PVC electrical conduit - coupling 0.90 36 32.40 36 32.40 60 54.001 inch (25 mm) PVC electrical conduit - male adaptor 0.90 16 14.40 16 14.40 32 28.801 inch (25 mm) PVC electrical conduit - locknut 0.90 16 14.40 16 14.40 32 28.801 inch (25 mm) PVC electrical conduit - one hole rigid strap 0.84 4 3.36 4 3.36 8 6.721 inch (25 mm) PVC electrical conduit - LB fitting 2.80 4 11.20 4 11.20 8 22.401 inch (25 mm) PVC electrical conduit - 45° 1.10 8 8.80 8 8.80 16 17.60Plastic junction box with lid 250mmX250mmX80mm (approx) 15.00 2 30.00 2 30.00 2 30.00Misc electrical parts 25.00 2 50.00 2 50.00 4 100.00

Sub-total 1,142.96 1,452.96 1,627.12LABOR / EQUIPMENT

Labor to install tank/tower structure (days) 133.00 1 133.00 2 266.00 2 266.00Labor to install fencing (m) 6.00 24 144.00 24 144.00 40 240.00Labor to install pole for solar (days) 200.00 1 200.00 1 200.00 1 200.00Labor to install solar panels/pump (hours) 100.00 1 100.00 1 100.00 2 200.00Truck for transport of goods/people (days) 300.00 1 300.00 1 300.00 2 600.00Labor misc 100.00 2 200.00 2 200.00 2 200.00Pumping tests 1,800.00 0 0.00 1 1,800.00 0 0.00Labor to dig trenches and install piping in kind

Sub-total 1,077.00 3,010.00 1,706.00OPERATION & MAINTANENCE

Ongoing sustainability of project 1,000.00 1 1,000.00 1 1,000.00 1 1,000.00Maintenance costs and tariffs etc 0.00 0.00 0.00

Sub-total 1,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00

TOTAL 17,945.35 32,538.26 50,015.86Cost per person served 89.73 45.19 31.60

UNIT ITEM

COST QTY COSTCAPACITY BUILDING - assume 20 people for one week

Printed Training materials 400 1 400.00Solar Lab Materials 2500 1 2,500.00Tools 400 1 400.00Housing for Solar installation training sessions (No. of people) 50 10 500.00Food for Solar installation training sessions (No. of people) 20 25 500.00Stipend to be paid to community workers during training and install 400.00 10 4,000.00Misc 0.00 0 0.00

Subtotal 8,300.00TRAVEL

Instructor/Trainer fee (days) (Walt Ratterman) 400.00 10 4,000.00AirFare (Brad, Chris,Walt) 2,600.00 3 7,800.00Lodging for trainers (Brad,Chris,Walt) 1,520.00 3 4,560.00Food for trainers (Brad,Chris,Walt) 1,000.00 3 3,000.00Misc travel expenses for taxi, airport, etc 120.00 3 360.00

Subtotal 19,720.00


Why we chose Solar Power for this project.

We chose solar electric panels as the source of energy to power the pumps for this project for a number of reasons. The northern region of Ghana has an excellent solar resource and the system we have designed uses proven and dependable technology to pump sufficient quantities of water without the use of expensive fuels or unreliable grid power.

Unlike many conventional pumping systems, the solar pump can operate unattended. The design is simple; when the sun is shining the pump is pumping water. There are very few moving parts which alleviates the need for continued costly maintenance. The system essentially contains three main components: The solar array, a controller, and the pump. The array consists of four to eight solar panels mounted on a pole. The electricity generated by the solar panels passes first through the control box where it is regulated before energizing the pump. The pump that has been selected is a Grundfos brand submersible pump (SQFlex) that is made with stainless steel parts and has a warranty of 10 years. The pump can start pumping with as little as 30 volts of power and will increase the volume of water pumped as the voltage produced by the solar panels increases throughout the day. The pump also has the capability to run off of a.c. power from a portable generator in the event the sun is not shining or the control has malfunctioned. This gives the community the greatest flexibility. The pump is also capable of running off of the utility grid as well, if it ever reaches the village.The panels come with a 25 year performance warranty. This exceeds the warranties provided on other possible fuel sources, like diesel or propane, which power generators. Maintenance on solar panels is minimal and involves nothing more than washing the dust off occasionally. Generators require regular maintenance with oil and air filter changes and require re-fueling for the entirety of their useful service life. The fuel and maintenance costs associated with generators increases overall operating expense and requires the community to purchase fuel with the little cash they have available. Solar panels produce electricity without any noise or without any pollution. Generators are noisy and cause atmospheric pollution due to the combustion of fossil fuels. The volatile price of fossil fuels can also add to the financial stress of a community.Using the electrical power grid to power a pump is often an economical and feasible way to pump water from wells. However, the villages where we will be installing the pumps do not currently have access to the electric grid. In all cases it is several miles away and would cost more to extend the lines than the installation of a solar system. In addition the electric grid is erratic and unreliable and cannot be depended upon for daily water pumping needs.The solar pumping system will provide an adequate supply of clean drinking water to community members while eliminating the need for on-going fuel expenditures, maintenance and reliance upon an unreliable grid. Communities serviced by solar powered pumps will enjoy ownership of the system and direct control over its power and function. They will also be introduced to a technology that fosters a sustainable energy ethic along with local and global environmental consciousness.









NASA Surface meteorology and Solar

Energy - Available Tables

Latitude 10 / Longitude -1 was chosen.

Elevation: 216 meters

Geometry Informationaveraged from theUSGS GTOPO30digital elevation model

Northernboundary

11

Western boundaryCenter

Eastern boundaryLatitude 10.5

-1 0Longitude -0.5

Southernboundary

10

Solar Geometry:

Monthly Averaged Maximum Solar Angle Relative To The Horizon (degrees)

Lat 10Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Lon -1

Average 59.2 67.6 78.1 89.7 81.1 76.9 78.7 86.2 83.0 71.5 61.8 57.1

Cloud Information:

Monthly Averaged Daylight Cloud Amount (%)

Lat 10

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Annual

Lon -1 Average

22-year24.0 30.2 53.9 64.9 60.7 59.6 68.5 74.0 65.3 44.5 30.8 26.1 50.3

Average


Parameters for Tilted Solar Panels:

Monthly Averaged Radiation Incident On An Equator-Pointed Tilted Surface

(kWh/m2

/day)

Lat 10


Annual

Lon -1 Average

SSE5.72 5.96 6.11 6.06 5.82 5.32 4.88 4.61 4.95 5.58 5.56 5.59 5.51

HRZ

K 0.64 0.62 0.59 0.57 0.55 0.51 0.47 0.44 0.48 0.57 0.61 0.65 0.56

Diffuse 1.38 1.65 1.94 2.15 2.13 2.16 2.24 2.31 2.23 1.86 1.52 1.30 1.91

Direct 7.11 6.58 6.02 5.53 5.30 4.60 3.82 3.25 3.87 5.55 6.47 7.18 5.43

Tilt 0 5.67 5.90 6.03 5.97 5.72 5.22 4.79 4.53 4.88 5.52 5.51 5.54 5.44

Tilt 10 6.17 6.21 6.13 5.87 5.79 5.32 4.85 4.53 4.89 5.73 5.93 6.09 5.62

Tilt 25 6.65 6.41 6.02 5.49 5.67 5.26 4.77 4.37 4.71 5.79 6.29 6.64 5.67

Tilt 90 4.54 3.61 2.54 1.67 2.41 2.50 2.24 1.86 1.92 3.02 4.09 4.77 2.93

OPT 6.76 6.41 6.14 5.97 5.79 5.33 4.85 4.54 4.90 5.80 6.35 6.82 5.80

OPT37.0 26.0 12.0 0.00 11.0 14.0 12.0 5.00 6.00 21.0 34.0 39.0 18.0

ANG

Diffuse radiation, direct normal radiation and tilted surface radiation NOTE: are0.8. not

calculated when the clearness index (K) is below 0.3 or above

Meteorology (Temperature):

Monthly Averaged Air Temperature At 10 m Above The Surface Of The Earth (°C)

Lat 10


Annual

Lon -1 Average

22-year27.1 28.5 29.6 28.6 27.5 25.9 24.8 24.7 25.4 27.0 28.2 27.2 27.0

Average


Meteorology (Wind):

Monthly Averaged Wind Speed At 10 m Above The Surface Of The Earth For

Terrain Similar To Airports (m/s)

Lat 10


Annual

Lon -1 Average

10-year

2.23 2.14 2.64 2.52 2.69 2.48 2.43 2.29 1.97 1.94 2.22 2.31 2.32Average

It is recommended that users of these wind All height measurements are from the soil,data review the SSE Methodology. The user water, or ice/snow surface instead ofmay wish to correct for biases as well as local "effective" surface, which is usually taken to

effects within the selected grid region.be near the tops of vegetated canopies.

Meteorology (Other):

Monthly Averaged Precipitation (mm/day)

Lat 10


Annual

Lon -1 Average

22-year0.07 0.22 0.90 2.37 3.49 4.95 6.07 7.48 6.26 2.50 0.36 0.12 2.91

Average

http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/sse/[email protected]+s06



Science

Ghana solar pumping_project1