BASICS OF FLUOROSCOPY /IMAGE

INTESIFIER TUBE

SIR SYED UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

SYED HAMMAD AKHTER

2012-BM-071

PRESENTED TO

ENGR. FAHAD AKBER

What Is Fluoroscopy ?

Study of moving body structures.

Similar to an x-ray

Fluoroscopy is also an imaging tool.

Allows physicians to look at various body systems

Show continuous x-ray image

Images taken quickly allow for this to happen

Shows movement of body parts

“Fluoroscopy is a common technique used by clinical physicians to obtain real time images of moving body

parts and internal structures of a patient”

A barium swallow exam taken via fluoroscopy

Some fluoroscope images

Why Fluoroscopy ?ADVANTAGES OVER NORMAL X-RAY MACHINE

primary advantages Real time imaging No dark room required

Secondary advantages Mobile/moveable Easy to locomate as compared

to x-rays

Display motion images producedat a maximum rate of 25-30

completeimages per second.

Brightness The principal advantage of

image intensified fluoro is an increased

brightness

Mobile fluoroscopic system for routine procedures during surgery

Components of Fluoroscope X-ray Generator selection of (kVp) and (mA)

X-ray Tube  Converts electrical energy provided by the generator into an x-ray beam.

Image Intensifierconverts incident x rays into a minified visible light image

Focusing lenses To converge

Video Camera To record the images

CCDCapture real time image & display

Ac current

DC

Image Intensifier tube

Input phospho

r

Cesium Iodide

CsI

photo Cathode

PMT

Output Phospho

r

(Zinc Cadmiu

m sulfide)

Concave

Lens

Monitor /CCD camer

a

Lighte

e

LightX-ray photon

Input phosphor made of cesium iodide which convert x-ray into visible lightPhotocathode convert visible into electrons PMT multiply the electrons with the help of dynodeOutput phosphor made of zinc cadmium sulfide convert e- to visible light Focusing lens used to converge the light to CCDCCD use to capture real time x-ray and display on monitor screen

Block Diagram

PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBEVIDEO CAMERA

Monitor/CCD

Better way ?