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OpenMI – CIPRNet cooperation meeting
Deltares – Delft (The Netherlands) – 31 October 2014
Federated Modelling and Simulation of Critical Infrastructures (CI)
(DIESIS Project) Erich Rome – Fraunhofer IAIS (Sankt Augustin, Germany)
10/11/2014 [email protected] 2
Agenda
Simulation for Critical Infrastructure Protection
Federated simulation
DIESIS interoperability middleware
DIESIS demonstrator
Conclusion
10/11/2014 [email protected] 3
Tools for research and investigation: modelling, simulation and analysis (MS&A)
Scenarios include multiple CI domains and threats
Typical in CIP: “All hazards” approach
Possible applications include …
Modelling, Simulation and Analysis of CI
10/11/2014 [email protected] 4
MS&A of CI Some applications areas
General (offline) CI analysis
Improving preparedness
Operational support
Investigating (inter)dependencies between critical infrastructures
Detect implicit, indirect and hidden relations
Investigate dynamic effects, feedback loops and cascading effects
Stability analysis and risk estimation
Soft exercises and real-time training
Widen the spectrum of emergency situation exercises
Decision support
Extended representation of current situation
What-if analysis
10/11/2014 [email protected] 5
DIESIS MS&A approach DIESIS demonstrator
10/11/2014 [email protected] 6
DIESIS demonstrator Federation of four simulators
Telecommunication Network Simulator NS2
Electricity network Simulator SINCAL
Flood simulator Aqua
Railway Simulator Opentrack
Federated CI Simulation – DIESIS middleware
Data exchange and synchronisation
Control module
10/11/2014 [email protected] 7
MS&A of CI Cross-sector simulation: modelling challenges
Heterogeneous CIs
Data acquisition
Different simulation models and functionality
Different fidelity required for different goals
Different time scales and models
Multi-disciplinary expertise needed
Analysis goal has to be defined
Concrete CI dependencies have to be identified
Data may be sensitive, classified or incomplete
Close cooperation with CI operators often required
10/11/2014 [email protected] 8
Basic MS&A workflow
During or after the simulation
“Animate” the model by introducing a “time” component
Acquire data and Generate static models
Determine the nature of the Investigation ①
Choose a Scenario ②
Modelling ③
Computer Simulation ④
Analysis ⑤
10/11/2014 [email protected] 9
Federated simulation Motivation
Save resources by reusing existing models and interconnect ready-made simulators
For many domains and CI sectors, dedicated simulators already exist
Ready-made technically correct CI simulation models or detailed inventories of CI elements exist
Requirement: create interaction models that describe interactions between domains and contain only relevant CI elements
Some approaches exist
like High Level Architecture (HLA), an IEEE standard that emerged from the military area
Integrated Simulation
CI Sector 1
CI Sector 3
CI Sector 2
Threat 1 Threat 2
Federated Simulation
Simulator 3
Simulator 1
Simulator 2
10/11/2014 [email protected] 10
Federated simulation Some challenges
Semantics
Technology
Data integration and conversion
Different time models: synchronisation (preservation of causality)
Necessity to create concepts or elements outside particular domains at federation level
Heterogeneous software: interfacing simulators
Orchestration of different execution concepts of federate simulators
Communication and event routing among federates
10/11/2014 [email protected] 11
DIESIS architectural approach Interoperability middleware for federated MS&A
Designed for heterogeneous interdependent federated simulations
Addresses the lack of coupling standards for CI simulators
Federates may have different time models and different time scales
Flexible modelling and extensibility of federations
Scenario-oriented federation design
Service-oriented scenario design
DIESIS interoperability middleware is based on two concepts
Lateral (instead of central) coupling of federates
Separation of technical and semantic interoperability
10/11/2014 [email protected] 12
DIESIS architectural approach Interoperability layers
Semantic interoperability
Technical interoperability
DIESIS Knowledge Base System: a general modelling framework
CI elements/properties that are involved in cross-domain interactions
Federation level concepts: static dependency representation (relations), dynamic dependency concepts (behaviour)
Reusable simulator coupling links, dedicated types:
Time links: ensure correct event ordering
Data links: exchange state changes (events)
Function links: mutual function calls
Control links: manage runtime behaviour
10/11/2014 [email protected] 13
DIESIS architectural approach Scenario-oriented design: conceptual phase
Enunciate general requirements and the goal
Which domains are involved and how do they interact?
What do we want to investigate?
Provide an informal, human-readable, computation-independent model
Capture all elements related to cross-CI interactions, no insight into CI-specific structure and behaviour required!
Identify agent types and services, construct a service network
Describe both abstract and technical elements
Flooding (river / rain)
Electricity network
TelCo networkSet operable
Set water level
Control Panel
Visualisation module
Start / stop
Send logs
10/11/2014 [email protected] 14
Flooding
ElectricityTelecommunication
Railway
Power Node
Power Line
Protection Device
TelCo Office
TelCo Node
Switch on / off
Water Source Set water level Measuring Point
TelCo Link
Disconnect
Node Pair Simulation Results
Station
Train Signals
Track Block
Start / stop
Lock / release
Set speedSignal on / off
Departure / arrivalSet on / off
Disconnect
Disconnect
Set amperage
Set water level
Set water levelSet water level
Set water level Set water level
Fuel delivered
Set power supply level
Set power supply level
Flooding
ElectricityTelecommunication
Railway
Power Node
Power Line
Protection Device
TelCo Office
TelCo Node
Switch on / off
Water Source Set water level Measuring Point
TelCo Link
Disconnect
Node Pair Simulation Results
Station
Train Signals
Track Block
Start / stop
Lock / release
Set speedSignal on / off
Departure / arrivalSet on / off
Federation Control Module
Water Simulation Controller
Power Simulation Controller
Railway Simulation Controller
Knowledge Base System
Time Management Module
TelCo Simulation Controller
Visualisation Module
Disconnect
Disconnect
Set amperage
Set water level
Set water levelSet water level
Set water level Set water level
Send logs
Send logs
Send logs
Register
Register
Register
Register
Get dependencies
Get dependencies
Get dependencies Get dependencies
Get dependencies
Register
Set next step
Set next step
Set next step
Wish time step
Wish time step
Set next step
Set next step
Set next step
Wish time step
Wish time step
Fuel delivered
Register
Register
Register
Start / stop / log
Start / stop / log
Start / stop / log
Start / stop / log
Register
Send logs
Set power supply level
Set power supply level
Static Modelling Part 1 and 2
10/11/2014 [email protected] 15
DIESIS architectural approach Scenario-oriented design: modelling phase
Provide a formal, machine-readable representation of the informal model A power station provides energy for a
TelCo building.
TelCo building TB12 receives power from the power stations P20m and P18m.
Any kind of equipment inside a TelCo building is off if none of the power stations linked to it has a property VoltageLevel over 80% and the own backup power supply unit is discharged.
Conceptual level: add all concepts for domain element types and their relations
Instance level: instantiate domain element types, add concrete elements and relations
Dynamic level: provide description of service behaviour
10/11/2014 [email protected] 16
DIESIS architectural approach Scenario-oriented design: implementation phase
Implement all technological components (see service network)
Implement communication layer or add interfaces to existing runtime interfaces (RTI)
Implement federation adapters for all simulators
Remove bottlenecks, optimise performance
Validate simulation results
10/11/2014 [email protected] 17
DIESIS architectural approach Features and advantages
Structuring of modelling and development in order to facilitate the process and to minimise efforts
Modelling at federation level concerns only those elements that are relevant for (static) dependency definition
No deep insight into structure and behaviour of all (scenario-relevant) domains is required for modelling
Flexibility: depending on desired results, particular simulators and models can be added, removed or replaced
Reusability: technical components, models and concepts and can be utilised for various scenarios
10/11/2014 [email protected] 18
DIESIS demonstrator Federation of four simulators
Simulators
Telecommunication: NS2
Electricity: SINCAL™
Railway: OpenTrack™
Flooding threat: Floodsim/Aqua
ICT components
Visualisation module
KBS database
KBS server
Control module FCM
Middleware
10/11/2014 [email protected] 19
Federated M&S of CI Conclusion
Modelling and simulation has useful applications related to CIP
MS&A of multi-CI systems is challenging
Integrated M&S approach
Uniform modelling: only a single simulator is required
More domain-specific know-how required
Challenge: creation of really large models with hundreds of CI elements
Federated M&S approach:
Reuse existing simulators and models: reduce realisation costs
Best flexibility for changing scenarios and different analysis tasks
Interoperability: currently no established standards for CIP but several approaches exist
10/11/2014 [email protected] 20
Federated M&S of CI Outlook – Further development in CIPRNet
Improved interoperability using event-processing methods
Dedicated application for training crisis managers
‘what if’ analysis allows exploring different courses of action starting from the same situation (not possible in reality)
The combination with consequence analysis allows comparing the consequences when taking different courses of action
Consequences refer to the outcome of an emergency or crisis (number of affected people, environmental damage, economical damage, duration of loss of CI service, …)
Simulation allows exploring the effects of mitigation actions on the outcome of an emergency or crisis
Thank you for your attention!
project websites: diesis-project.eu & ciprnet.eu
online glossary: cipedia.eu
Acknowledgements: Andrij Usov, former team member; DIESIS team