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Case Study – Membrane Distillation used in UNICEF Sweat Machine
Guide – Pradip Kumar MishraPresented by – Utkarsh Sethia
27th January , 2017
UNICEF Sweat Machine
UNICEF Sweat Machine
• The device spins and heats the material to remove the sweat, and then passes the vapor through a special membrane designed to only let water molecules get through
• Built by - Andreas Hammar (Swedish engineer)• Technology developed by - Sweden's Royal Institute
of Technology and the water purification company HVR
UNICEF Sweat Machine
Mechanism of UNICEF Sweat Machine
• Sweat Machine works by using membrane distillation (MD) to separate water from other components of sweat.
• MD is a thermally-driven process that employs a hydrophobic, microporous membrane
• The water (or sweat) to be processed is heated, while the water on the permeate side of the membrane is kept cool.
Mechanism of UNICEF Sweat Machine
• The temperature difference across the membrane creates a corresponding difference in pressure which pulls water, in the form of vapor, over to the permeate side of the membrane.
• Water’s naturally high surface tension keeps the liquid phase of the water out of the membrane’s pores.
UNICEF Sweat Machine
Why Membrane Distillation• It is a good choice for compact desalination and
water purification units• The process doesn’t require the energy and
equipment to create the extreme pressures needed for reverse osmosis.
• Heating the feed water can be done with the waste heat of a power plant or factory or with renewable energy sources like solar power.
UNICEF Sweat Machine
• The amount of water it produces depends on how sweaty the person is - but one person's T-shirt typically produces 10ml
• Water extracted from the machine is actually cleaner than the ordinary swedish tap water
What Andreas Hammar has to say
• "We use a substance that's a bit like Gore-Tex that only lets steam through but keeps bacteria, salts, clothing fibres and other substances out.”
• "They have something similar on the International Space Station to treat astronaut's urine - but our machine was cheaper to build.”
What is Gore-Tex
References• Article (http://www.mynewsdesk.com/)- The worlds first sweat
machine produces clean water for children • Article (http://www.npr.org/) - Thirsty? 'sweat machine' turns
perspiration into drinking water• Article (http://www.bbc.com/) - Machine turns sweat into drinking
water for Unicef• Article (http://www.sterlitech.com/) - Unicef uses membrane
distillation to make sweat drinkable• Article (http://www.independent.co.uk/) - Unicef's 'sweat
machine' turns perspiration into drinkable water
Thank you