BIG BANG : SOMETHING FROM NOTHING

PRESENTED BY –SHAHRUKH KHAN12 MEB 336GG 9510A3M(B) 28

CONTENTS

• INTRODUCTION• HISTORY• TIMELINE OF THE BIG BANG THEORY• MISCONCEPTIONS• PROOF• FUTURE OF THE UNIVERSE• CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION

BIG BANG THEORY : Cosmological model which predicts the formation of universe

IT GIVES THE IDEA OF –• SINGULARITY• COOLING• STRUCTURE FORMATION

HISTORY

NEWTON’S STATIC UNIVERSE :•Universe is static and composed of an infinite number of stars that are scattered randomly throughout an infinite space•Universe is infinitely old and will exist forever without any major changes

TIMELINE FOR BIG BANG THEORY

SINGULARITY :Extrapolation of the expansion of the universe backwards in time using general relativity yields an infinite density and temperature

INFLATION :Approximately 10−37 seconds into the expansion, a phase transition caused a cosmic inflation, during which the universe grew exponentially

CONTD..

BARYOGENESIS :Generic term for the hypothetical physical processes that produced an asymmetry between baryons and antibaryons

COOLING :After a few minutes into expansion the temperature began to fall

A. UNIVERSE EXPANSION AS PER THE BIG BANG THEORY

MISCONCEPTIONS

#1There was no explosion but expansion

#2Singularity was not a fireball in the space because space didn’t exist prior to the big bang

PROOF

#1UNIVERSAL EXPANSION AND HUBBLE’S LAW#23 DEGREE BACKGROUND RADIATION#3QUASARS#4STELLAR FORMATION AND EVOLUTION

UNIVERSAL EXPANSION AND HUBBLE’S LAW

• Galaxies are moving away from us• The farther, the faster they move

B

3 DEGREE BACKGROUND RADIATION

• Noise radiation (static) is evenly spread across space

• The amount of radiation matched predictions

C

QUASARS

• Super large (solar system size) galactic cores that put out more light than whole galaxies

• Nothing exists past them

D

We have observed stars forming, burning and exploding

STELLAR FORMATION AND EVOLUTION

E

Big Bang theory leads to three possible futures :#1OPEN UNIVERSE#2FLAT UNIVERSE#3CLOSED UNIVERSE

THE FUTURE

According to this theory :•Galaxies will continue racing outward•All of the stars will die off as the last of their energy is released•There will be nothing left

OPEN UNIVERSE

According to this theory :•Universe expands forever but at a continually decelerating rate•Expansion would asymptotically approach to zero•The final fate would be similar to the open universe

FLAT UNIVERSE

According to this theory :•Gravitational attraction between the galaxies will cause the movement away from each other to slow down•Eventually they would come to a halt•All of the matter and energy will again come close together

CLOSED UNIVERSE

Average distance between galaxies vs time

Average distance between galaxies vs timeF.

The Big Bang theory is the best explanation we have for the origin of the universe. However, there are still some gaps and inconsistencies in our knowledge.And lastly, Are we pretty sure that everything has a beginning..?? 

CONCLUSION

1. "Big-bang model" Encyclopaedia Britannica Retrieved 11 February 2015.2. Hawking, S.; Ellis, G. F. (1968) "The Cosmic Black- Body Radiation and the Existence of Singularities in our Universe". Astrophysical Journal, vol. 152, p.25 (in English).3. Kragh, H. (1996). Cosmology and Controversy Princeton University Press. p. 318. ISBN 0-691-02623-84. Kolb and Turner, Chapter 65. Croswell, K. (1995) Chapter 9. The Alchemy of the Heavens.6."Planck reveals an almost perfect Universe ESA3-21. Retrieved 2013-03-21.

REFERENCES

7. Images A,E : www.universetoday.com8. Images B,C : cosmology.berkeley.edu/FAQ/q29.html9. Image D : www.astronomytoday.com10. Image F : burro.astr.cwru.edu/stu/advanced

CONTD.