Enhancing Village Level Healthcare in Myanmar through Biomass Energy Access,

ICS and ICT from Forest Sector

By

Dr. Chaw Chaw Sein , Staff Officer, Forest Research Institute

Country Profile

Population 53million (2016) Location located in main-land Southeast Asia Latitudes = 9° 58 to 28° 29 North Longitudes = 92° 10 to 101° 10 East Area Total land area = 676,577 km2 Length (north to south) = 2,051 km

Maximum width (west to east) = 936 km

Climate

Temperature

25° C to 33° C (Rainy Season)

10° C to 25° C (Cold Season)

32° C to 38° C (Hot Season)

43° C (Maximum Temperature)

Rainfall

Minimum rainfall = 500 mm

Maximum rainfall = 5, 000 mm

Forest cover - 31,773,000 ha

135 different nationalities

70% of total population lives in rural areas

More than 12 million people, or 24% of the total population, are living in the mountainous areas.

Agriculture and forestry industries are the main organs of the Myanmar economy of the country

Introduction

Myanmar has abundant renewable energy resources.

Almost 80% of the primary energy is being supplied

(i) Fuel-wood,

(ii) Charcoal,

(iii) Bamboo

(iv) Agricultural residue and

(v) Animal waste.

Wood & Bamboo is a biomass fuel &

renewable.

Plant new trees to replace cut down,

Low cost and indigenous nature,

Almost 15% of the world's total

energy supply

35% in developing countries, cooking

and heating.

Forest Cover Status of Myanmar

Forest Cover Status of Myanmar (FRA 2015)

FRA 2015

Area % of total

country area (,000 ha)

Closed forest 14585 21.55

Open forest 14456 21.37

Total forest 29041 42.92

Other Wooded land 15080 22.29

Others 21634 31.98

Water body 1903 2.81

Total 67658 100

Implementing activities by Forest Department to

supply National Energy Policy

Forest sector is supplying fuelwood and charcoal (76.41%) .

1990-2010, annual deforestation rate 0.55%

Establishment of Village Supply Plantation

Distribution of Improved Cooking Stoves

Utilization of Agricultural Residues

Awareness Raising and

Research and Development

No. Year

Village supply

Plantation

(Areas)

1 2011-2012 to

2015-2016

25,650

2 2016-2017 to

2020-2021

21,250

3 2021-2022 to

2025-2026

21,250

4 2026-2027 to

2030-2031

21,250

Total 89,400

Establishment of Village Supply

Plantation

No. Year Community

Forest (Areas)

1 2011-2012 to

2015-2016

327,996

2 2016-2017 to

2020-2021

352,563

3 2021-2022 to

2025-2026

312,231

4 2026-2027 to

2030-2031

1185,143

Total 2267,655

Establishment of Community

Forest

No. Year Seedlings ( in

Billions)

1 2011-2012 to

2015-2016

68.35

2 2016-2017 to

2020-2021

50.0

3 2021-2022 to

2025-2026

50.0

4 2026-2027 to

2030-2031

50.0

Total 218.35

Distribution of Seedlings for Green

Programmes and Tree Planting Festivals

No. Year

Improved Cooking

Stoves

( number)

1 2011-2012 to

2015-2016

262,500

2 2016-2017 to

2020-2021

257,500

3 2021-2022 to

2025-2026

237,500

4 2026-2027 to

2030-2031

237,500

Total 995,000

Distribution of Improved Cooking Stoves

No. Year Fuel Briquettes

(number in billions)

1 2011-2012 to

2015-2016

12.00

2 2016-2017 to

2020-2021

10.815

3 2021-2022 to

2025-2026

10.815

4 2026-2027 to

2030-2031

10.815

Total 44.445

Distribution of Fuel briquettes

No. Year Agricultural residues

(Tons)

1 2011-2012 to

2015-2016

100,000

2 2016-2017 to

2020-2021

29,400

3 2021-2022 to

2025-2026

29,400

4 2026-2027 to

2030-2031

29,400

Total 188,200

Utilization of Agricultural residues

Improved Cookstove Development Programme in Myanmar

The traditional open-fire stove which is most widely used in the rural area of Myanmar has and efficiency of only about 5 to 15%.

This method is consumed more fuelwoods and pollution to environment..

To replace with improved ones, the demand for fuelwood would be reduced drastically.

The Myanmar ICS programme started in Forest Research Institute, Yezin in 1986. Initially, traditional commercial stoves were studied and some ICS were developed and tested.

Traditional Open-Fire Cookstove

•More utilization of fuel woods

( lead to deforestation)

•More emission of smoke

•Dangerous for firing

•Dirty to environment and

cooking pots

•Air pollution

•Not Good for HealthCare

Research and Development of A-1 Fuelwood Cookstove

Some fuelwood and charcoal cookstoves were made and tested at FRI in 1992.

160 fuelwood stoves were made initially.

Out of these, 45 stoves were given to the Pilot Watershed Management Project for field trial.

According to the response of the users, A1 ICS - can save about 30% of fuelwood consumption compared to

the traditional cookstove - take short time for cooking.

Comparative Testing on Open-Fire, A.1 Improved

Cookstoves and Biomass Clean Cookstoves

Sr. No.

Stove Name Fuelwood consumption

(gm)

Saving of fuelwood(%)

1. Open-Fire 287.48 -

2. Biomass Clean Cookstove

182.47 36.52

3 A.1 Improved Cookstove 180.06 37.36

Comparative Study on Fuelwood Saving Percent of Open-Fire Stove and Some Improved Cookstoves

A.1 Improved Cookstove

( Comparisons with Traditional Cookstove )

Saving of fuelwood consumption 40%

Reduced Cooking Time 40%

Reduce amount of Particulate Matter 35%

Reduce amount of Carbon monoxide 60%

Height efficiency

Stove Type Clay

Stove Price 1,500 Kyats

Producer Forest Department

Location Forest Research Institute, Yezin

Fuel Type Fuelwood and Agriculture

residues

7. Benefits

Can save about 40% fuelwood consumption compared to traditional open- fire cookstove.

Reduce cooking time (faster cooking) and also fuel wood consumption.

Less smoke compare to traditional open-fire cookstove.

Less carbon emissions to the atmosphere.

Potable stove can be easy to move.

Distribution of A-1 Improved Cookstoves to

Rural People by REDD+ Project

Distribution of improved cooking stoves in REDD+ Site

Awareness Raising

Challenges

• Most households from rural areas mainly depend on

fuel-wood.

• Due to sustainable utilization of fuel-wood from the

natural forests, most of the forest are changes into

degraded forests as bush types.

• Climate change impacts is occurred; less rainfall and high

temperature due to shortage of monsoon.

• As a consequences, crop production is decreased and

local people suffer from poverty.

How could we control fuel-wood consumption?

Giving awareness

to use improved cooking stoves

to utilize fuel briquettes

to use agricultural wastes

by public talks

for the establishment of model village for the utilization of

fuel-wood substitutes..

Why do we promote utilization of agricultural wastes ?

• 70% of total population is rural people and their main livelihood

activity is agriculture.

• (10) tonnes of agricultural wastes is enough for annual household

cooking .

• Utilization of agricultural waste is save for collection of fuel-wood

and for money in cooking.

• Due to less dependence of forests for fuel-wood, the environment

will be more pleasant and climate condition will be much better

and as a consequence crop productivity and socio-economic

conditions of local people can be improved.

Production and distribution of A1improved cooking stoves

To reduce the production of fuel-wood from the natural forests.

To support the environmental conservation activities

Cooperation with NGOs and Forest Department

ENERGY ACCESS AT MERCY CORPS

Increase rural communities’ access to clean stoves, reduce energy poverty and contribute to environmental conservation efforts in Myanmar

Program Goal

Myanmar’s first carbon project

Goal: To catalyze a market system to address energy poverty and create livelihood opportunities for sales agents

Myanmar Stove Campaign (MSC)

Fund Providers

Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation, Department of Forestry

Orbis Development Partners

Implementing Partners

Distribution Models

Agents Consumers

Consumers Partner Agents

Accomplishments Network of 406 vendors in nearly 600 villages

537 awareness campaigns/month + follow-up support

19,234 stoves sold so far

Over Ks177 million collected in revenue

Women Empowerment Fund support to strengthen Myanmar Stove Campaign business model and is testing a hypothesis that a gender-informed business model is more effective

GERES

SCALE Project Overview

Engaging in the national

policy dialogue to

develop favorable

policy frameworks

Policy

Creating market

conditions for

upscaling, informed decision

making and replication

Demand

Fostering high added-

value ICS supply chain

through best

practices, technology and know-

how transfer

Supply

Upscaling Improved Cookstove (ICS) Dissemination in Myanmar through replication of best practices from Cambodia and the region

These kinds of stoves were identified during the primary research across 7 regions of Myanmar

GERES - Overview of Clean Cookstove and Fuel Sectors in Myanmar | 01/03/2017 |

• FUEL USED: Almost exclusively wood, and rarely with charcoal

• FUEL USED: Wood, charcoal or biomass

• FUEL USED: Almost exclusively wood

Three Stone Fires Mud Stoves Tripods

• FUEL USED: Mainly wood but also charcoal and residue

• FUEL USED: Mainly charcoal but also wood identified

• FUEL USED: Wood or charcoal

A1 Stoves Charcoal /

Multipurpose Stoves Carved Stone Stoves

• FUEL USED: Mainly rice husks, but also other agricultural residues

• FUEL USED: Use only with wood was identified

Rice Husk Stoves Iron Stoves

• FUEL USED: Electricity • FUEL USED: Liquid petroleum

Electric Stoves LPG Stoves

Source: GERES ,2017

37%

24%

13% 10%

4% 4% 2% 2% 1% 0%

Country Wide

Across the country, the electric stove was reported to be the aspirational stove for most peri-urban (43%) and rural (33%) respondents

Rural & Peri-Urban Preferred Stoves

Source: Myanmar Household Survey

Preferred Stove, % of respondents (Country, Peri-Urban and Rural)

“Establishment of a Knowledge and Training Centre for Bioenergy and other Renewable Energy Sources in Myanmar”

The Energy Farm, International Foundation

Roykenviklinna 611,2760 Brandbu

TREI & FRI , Myanmar

Proposed Project

Gasifier for power production

Demonstration of biomass gasifier for institutional

cooking

Demonstration and dissemination of Improved cook

stoves

Solar energy for power production

Solar energy for rural lighting

Solar water pumping

Solar street lighting

Energy for Telecom towers

Implemented Activities

Floating Drum Plants KVIC type

Janta Model Biogas Plant

Deenbandhu Model Biogas Plant

Developing Model biomass plantations for securing

rural energy

Demonstration of improved design of biogas plant

Need to create energy access not only forest biomass but also

off grid assess and sustainability within villages.

To improve livelihood and quality of life in the rural sector.

To address the carbon footprint at village level.

To promote social ventures to challenge grassroots issues.

To lead community-driven interventions to smart villages

and rural development.

Key Issues

Wayforward

Utilize Bio Wastes by modifying as renewable fuel and producing

Electricity & Thermal Energy

Conduct more Research and Innovation on Bio energy Technology

to mitigate Pollution and Energy Efficiency

Important to pay attention on current commercially available

Gasifier Electrification System to improve and make use as a source

for Off Grid Electrification for rural development.

Introducing Bio energy Farm and Smart Villages

Thanks a Lot for Your Kind Attention