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Artificial Materials or Particles of
AcceleratorSubmitted By-
Mydul Islam
1
What is artificial materials ?
Artificial materials are the structure that created and amplified electromagnetic waves by converting the kinetic energy of a charged particle beam into electromagnetic energy, and accelerate charged particle beams.
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What is Particle Accelerator?
A Particle accelerator is a device used for increasing the kinetic energy of electrically charged particles.
The accelerators are the important instruments in conducting research concerning particles such as mesons, anti-proton, and anti-neutron.
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Types of Charged Particle Accelerator
Cyclotron Synchrocyclotron Betatron Electron-Synchrotron Alternating Synchrotron Van de Graff generator Linear Accelerator
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Basic Principle
In Electric Field a charged particle is accelerated.
In Magnetic field a charged particle can be turned around.
In magnetic field the magnetic force acts as a centripetal force.
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Description & Design
The accelerator consists of two flat semicircular metallic boxes named D1 and D2.
The two Dees are separated by a narrow gap.
The Dees are connected to the terminals of a high frequency oscillator.
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Working Principle
Its follows Fleming’s left hand rule.
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Working Principle
The positive ions emitted from the source will be accelerated in the gap towards the Dee which is negative at that time.
If the ions emerge from D2 , the polarity of the applied potential is reversed, the positive ions will again face the negative Dee and thus will be again accelerated by the Electric in the gap. 9
Calculation
RadiusThe magnetic force acting on the charge particle is given by
As this force acts as centripetal force, so we have
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Angular velocity
Above equation represents the angular velocity
Frequency
Above equation represents the frequency of circulating charge
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Time Period
This is the required time period of circulating charge.
Kinetic Energy
This is the required kinetic energy of the circulating ion.
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Application or Uses
• Accelerator is used to bombard nuclei with energetic particles and observe the nuclear reactions.
• Artificial Material is used for different radioactive tests in hospitals for diagnosis. Like in the treatment of Cancer.
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Limitations
• It cannot accelerate neutron, because neutron do not have any charge.
• It cannot accelerate electron because of its small mass.
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Thank You
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Quires
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