What is Ultrasound?

History of Ultrasound

Perception in humans and animals

Applications of Ultrasound

What is Ultrasound?

History of Ultrasound

Perception in humans and animals

Applications of Ultrasound

Ultrasound is an oscillating sound

pressure wave with a frequency greater

than the upper limit of the human hearing

range.

Ultrasound devices operate with

frequencies from 20 kHz up to several

gigahertz.

Ultrasonic is the application of ultrasound.

Ultrasound can be used for medical imaging,

detection, measurement and cleaning. At higher

power levels, ultrasonic is useful for changing the chemical properties of

substances

What is Ultrasound?

History of Ultrasound

Perception in humans and animals

Applications of Ultrasound

1794

A.D.

1917

A.D.

600

B.C.

1893

A.D.

Acoustics, the science of sound, starts as far back as Pythagoras, who wrote on the mathematical properties of stringed instruments.

Echolocation in bats was discovered by Lazzaro Spallanzani, when he demonstrated that bats hunted and navigated by inaudible sound and not vision.

Sir Francis Galton constructed a whistle producing ultrasound

The first technological application of ultrasound was an attempt to detect submarines by Paul Langevin

What is Ultrasound?

History of Ultrasound

Perception in humans and animals

Applications of Ultrasound

Perception

Humans

The upper frequency limit in humans (approximately 20 kHz) is due to

limitations of the middle ear

Children can hear some high-pitched sounds that older adults cannot hear,

because in humans the upper limit pitch of hearing tends to decrease with

age

Animals

Bats use a variety of ultrasonic ranging (echolocation) techniques to detect

their prey. They can detect frequencies beyond 100 kHz, possibly up to 200

kHz

Many insects have good ultrasonic hearing and most of these are nocturnal insects listening for echo locating bats

Dogs with normal hearing can hear ultrasound. A dog whistle exploits this by emitting a high frequency sound to call to

a dog.

Whales and dolphins can hear ultrasound and use such sounds in their navigational system (bio sonar) to orient and capture

prey.

What is Ultrasound?

History of Ultrasound

Perception in humans and animals

Applications of Ultrasound

Non-contact sensor

Motion sensors

Non-destructive testing

Sonar USID

An ultrasonic level or sensing system requires no contact with the target

It uses either Continues or pulsed Waves

It transmit signals of Ultrasonic Waves and then the transmitter waits for a return Signal

Automatic door openers use ultrasonic Sensors to detect people’s approach

It can be used to detect intruders

Polaroid SX-70 camera which included a light-weight transducer system to focus the camera automatically.

Ultrasonic Testing is a type of non-destructive testing

It is used to find flaws in materials and measure their size and thickness

The range between 2 Hz and 10 KHz is used to inspect most metals and plastics

The range between 50 KHz and 500 KHz is used to inspect lower Dense Material such as wood, concrete, and cement

It is the use of ultrasound in underwater Range Finding

It generates a pulse in a certain direction. If there is an object in the path. The object will reflect it back as an echo. The distance is measured by the time the echo have taken to return

It uses Tags or Badges, which has substances attached to it, in order to determine their location

These Badges or tags transmit an ultrasound signal to communicate their location to microphone sensors

ImagingAcoustic

microscopyMedical

SonographyBiomedical

ApplicationsUltrasonic Cleaning

Ultrasonic Imaging Uses Frequencies of 2 MHz and Density of less than 1 Watt

It is used to get pictures in good Resolution of bodies and Tissues

It uses sound waves to visualize structures too small to be seen by the human eye.

The reflection and diffraction of sound wave can show data that is not available even by light waves

It is the use of ultrasound to create medical images of muscles, tendons, and internal organs

It takes the size, Structure, and any pathological lesions and this is the method used to view babies

It can break up stony Deposits

Accelerates the effect of drug in certain places

Assist in the measurement of the elastics properties of tissue

Frequency between 20 to 40 KHz to clean jewelry, lenses, and even surgical instruments

When the bubbles collapse the form tiny jets that are directed at the surface

The method is the collapsing of millions of small cavitations on the dirty surface

Ultrasonic disintegration

UltrasonicWelding

Weapons Sonochemistry

It functions just like the Ultrasonic Cleaning

It breaks down Bacteria and other biological cells

It is used at a level of high frequencies and low amplitudes in order to join plastics together

Ultrasound has been studied as a basis for sonic weapons

Disorientation of attackers, up to lethal levels of sound.

Riot control

The ultrasound helps in chemical reactions

It also breaks up solids and removes inert material layers

It generates extreme temperatures and pressure in liquid