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ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle for the US Department of Energy
CSEISMIC: An Open-source Microgrid Controller
Ben Ollis
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Symposium on Secure & Resilient Microgrids
2 CSEISMIC - Symposium on Secure and Resilient Microgrids
Microgrid key goals
2
• Improve utility reliability metrics (SAIFI, CAIDI)
Reliable
• Able to handle a wide variety of operating points while maintaining stability
Resilient
• Bring devices in and out of service quickly and simply
Flexible
• Baked-in protection for intelligent endpoint devices
Secure
• Customer shouldn’t even know the microgrid is there
Seamless
3 CSEISMIC - Symposium on Secure and Resilient Microgrids
Distributed Control and Systems
Microgrid
Nanogrid
Microgrid<10MW
Nanogrid<50kW
Utility
*definitions do vary, just a provided reference. Sercan Teleke, Nanogrids with Energy Storage for Future Electricity Grids, 2014. Online at: http://www.ieee-pes.org/presentations/td2014/td2014p-000083.pdf
4 CSEISMIC - Symposium on Secure and Resilient Microgrids
CSEISMIC
• Complete System-Level Efficient and Interoperable Solution for Microgrid Integrated Controls
• CSEISMIC is a LabVIEW-based open-source microgrid control software
• Basic Functions Demonstrated by CSEISMIC– Grid Connected and Islanded Operation– Islanding Transition– Resynchronization and Reconnection– Energy Management– Ancillary Services
• CSEISMIC includes device controls such as generation and microgrid switch controls (PCC)
5 CSEISMIC - Symposium on Secure and Resilient Microgrids
CSEISMIC Architecture
6 CSEISMIC - Symposium on Secure and Resilient Microgrids
HIL Integration of Devices and Master Controller
The microgrid circuit model in RTDS has been constructed based on the DECC microgrid at Oak Ridge National Laboratory • Energy storage system• PV system • Inverter-based generator system• Variable load
Microgrid master controller consisting of an EMS and SCADA and IED controllers are implemented in hardware.
7 CSEISMIC - Symposium on Secure and Resilient Microgrids
Energy Storage Controller
RTDS
NI CompactRIO 9030
Analog I/O
Modulation Signals
Voltage and Current SignalsES System Modeling in RTDS
Pref
Qref
Inverter output voltage +
-
Idref
+Iqref -
PI
PI
dd
dqInverter output current
+
+
+
Current reference calculator
va
vc
abcdqvb
vd vq ia
ic
abcdqib ωL
iq
id
+
-+
+
abc
dq
dc
db
da+θ
θ
θIr_max
-Ir_max
Ia_max
2ωLiq/Vdc2vd/Vdc
2ωLid/Vdc2vq/Vdc
-Ia_max
8 CSEISMIC - Symposium on Secure and Resilient Microgrids
Energy Storage Controller
Energy Storage Controller1) Utilizes multiple states and control modes2) Able to transition quickly from different control modes upon request3) Supports unintentional islanding and resychronization through
transition from P/Q to V/f and V/f to P/Q.
9 CSEISMIC - Symposium on Secure and Resilient Microgrids
Testing Results
• Test results of islanding and resynchronization are provided to show the interactions among device level controllers and the master controller.
• Intentional islanding
Voltage and current waveforms at PCCVoltage and current waveforms of ES
10 CSEISMIC - Symposium on Secure and Resilient Microgrids
Lab Microgrid Testing Implementation
• On the 480V/208V 3-phase system, the current available generation assets include: a 50kW 3-phase PV system with 75kVA inverter, a 65kW microturbine, and two 100kW inverters connected to 150kW DC supplies.
• In the current microgrid implementation only the PV system and a single inverter are utilized as controllable resources.
11 CSEISMIC - Symposium on Secure and Resilient Microgrids
Intentional Islanding Test Results
Communicationdelay
Switch Opens
Voltage & Current from generator during islanding
P & Q from generator during islanding Voltage and Current at the microgrid switch
12 CSEISMIC - Symposium on Secure and Resilient Microgrids
Resynchronization Results
Voltage and Current at the microgrid switch
Voltage and Current from generator during resynchronization
13 CSEISMIC - Symposium on Secure and Resilient Microgrids
CSEISMIC 2.0
• New communications architecture Data Distribution Service (DDS - publish/subscribe) provides peer to peer communications
• New class based architecture to clearly define device types and data types with communications provide pathway to device self-discovery.
• User interface now includes menus, but less need for direct information from user (more autonomous)
• All configuration is available through the application (which creates .ini files directly)
• Plug and play of new optimization, forecasting, and visualization.
• New distributed optimization and functionality
14 CSEISMIC - Symposium on Secure and Resilient Microgrids
Distributed Communications and Control (DDS)
Subscribe
Publish
Publish
Publish
ControllerSubscribe
Subscribe
Subscribe
15 CSEISMIC - Symposium on Secure and Resilient Microgrids
Advanced Manufacturing and Integrated Systems (AMIE)
Secondary Use Energy Storage System
Advanced 3D Printed Building
Advanced 3D Printed Vehicle
Solar Rooftop
HVAC
Wireless charging/discharging of
vehicle
sub-metering
LDRD project to demonstrate ORNL capabilities
16 CSEISMIC - Symposium on Secure and Resilient Microgrids
Demonstration of Inoperability and Flexibility
16
• Communications across multiple device types and systems (Load, PV, ES, Metering)
• Demonstrated ability to interlink different communication protocols (Modbus/JSON) through software
• Demonstrated direct communication through hardware.
17 CSEISMIC - Symposium on Secure and Resilient Microgrids
Current Projects
• GMLC 1.3.4 Industrial Microgrid Design and Analysis – UPS– HIL simulation of microgrid performance with controller
• Advanced Manufactured Integrated Energy (AMIE) – ORNL– Demonstrated controller function on the nanogrid scale
• Connected Communities – Southern Company– Field deployment of controller at 2 sites
• Georgia Power• Alabama Power