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Analysis of Nitrogen Dynamics and Fertilizer Use Efficiency in Rice using the Nitrogen-15 Isotope
method following the application of Biogas Slurry or Chemical Fertilizer
طريقة باستخدام االرز في السماد كفاءة و النيتروجين دينامكية تحليلالمعلم - اضافة 15النيتروجين بعد
المعدني السماد و البيوجاز
Adel Ghoneim, H. Ueno, A. Ebid, N. Asagi and I.Abou El-darag
International Journal of Soil Science 3 (1): 11-19, 2008
Introduction
Biogas slurry is a by-product of the biological breakdown of organic wastes such plants, crop residue, food waste, human and animal manure under anaerobic conditions. Biogas slurry is a valuable source of crop nutrients and organic matter and improve soil physical properties.
Use of 15N tracer is the most powerful tool to distinguish between the fate of particular N source and background soil N.
ObjectivesTo determine the impact of 15N labeled biogas slurry
and chemical fertilizer on N uptake, N distribution and fertilizer use efficiency.
Nitrogen fertilizer is the most costly input element.
Therefore, it is important to maximize N use efficiency and
minimize N losses to the environment. These losses occur from
the soil-plant system via denitrification, volatilization and by
leaching.
By understanding N movement in the soil, we can characterize
how these losses occur and seek to increase N use efficiency.
Problem Statements
• Utilization of large amounts of chemical fertilizer
in paddy field.
• Low nitrogen use efficiency.
• Large quantity of post harvest rice residues.
Treatments
• Chemical fertilizer @ 80 Kg N ha-1 labeled with 1.0 atom% 15N. Nitrogen fertilizer applied 3
splits (40, 20, and 20) during transplanting, 30 and 60 DAT.
• Soil amended with biogas slurry @80 Kg N ha-1 applied at different growth stages
Soil samples and analysis
• Collected at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 days after BS application. Samples were categorized as 0-2 and 2-5 cm depth.
• Soil pH and soil mineral N were determined• Rice growth parameters were measured
Nitrogen Dynamics and 15N Recovery Calculation
• Atom% 15N excess was calculated as the difference between 15N atom% in plant – natural abundance in the atmosphere
• Fertilizer N Use Efficiency (FUE)FUE CF = (atom% 15N excess plant )/ (atom% 15N excess CF) x
N plant / N applied CF x 100.
FUE BS = N plant BS /N BS
• Relative efficiency (%) = FUE BS/ FUE CF x100
Materials and Methods
Properties ValuepH 6.7EC 0.37 dS m-1
CEC 9.24 cmol kg-1
Total C 14.6 g kg-1
Total N 1.5 g kg-1
Clay 13.4 %Sand 58.5 %Silt 18.1 %
Table 1. Soil chemical properties
Characteristic Mean (n, 3)pH 7.6EC 1.7 dS m-1
Total C 14 g kg-1
Organic N 1.10 g kg-1
Total Volatile Acids 70.6 %C/N ratio 7.6Phosphate 180 mg kg-1
Exchangeable K 0.57 mg kg-1
SO4-2 380 mg kg-1
Table 2. Chemical properties of biogas slurry
Treatment Yield g pot-1
No of panicle pot-1
1000-grain wt. g
Chemical Fertilizer (CF) 24.6 18.5 23.2Biogas Slurry (BS) 23.1 16.5 22.1F test NS NS NS
Table 3. Yield and yield component
Treatment Rice part DW (g pot-1)Chemical fertilizer 25.9 aBiogas slurry grain 28.5 aChemical fertilizer 37.6 a
Biogas slurry straw 34.7 aChemical fertilizer 14.9 a
Biogas slurry root 10.8 aChemical fertilizer 78.4 aBiogas slurry Whole plant 74.0 a
Table. Dry weight
Means in a column followed by the same letter were not significantly different (Tukey-Kramer test: P =0.05)
Treatment N uptake (mg pot-1)Rice part Ndf Ndfs Total
Chemical Fertilizer (CF)
63.9 (16.8)a 316.9 (3.2)a 380.8a
Biogas slurry (BS)
grain 26.9 (8.93)b 274.2 (9.1)a 303.1a
CF 48.3 (14.7)a 280.9 (88.3)a 329.9a
BS straw 27.3 (9.7)b 257.6 (90.2)a 285.9a
CF 20.8 (14.1)a 127.2 (85.9)a 148.0a
BS root 14.7 (11.4) b 113.9 (88.6)a 128.6a
CF 133.0 (15.5)a 725.0 (84.5)a 858.0a
BS whole plant 68.9 (9.64)b 65.7 (90.4)a 714.6a
Table. N uptake from chemical fertilizer and biogas slurry
Treatment NUE (%)
Relative Efficiency (%)
N distribution (%)
Soil Uptake Loss
Chemical Fertilizer
70.3 a 100 6.2 a 70.3 a 23.5 a
Biogas Slurry
50.5 b 71.8 13.2 b 50.5 b 50.5 b
Means in a column followed by the same letter were not significantly different (Tukey-Kramer test: P =0.05)
Table. Nitrogen use efficiency, relative efficiency and N distribution
Conclusion
N uptake was highest in chemical fertilizer treatment
compared with biogas slurry
The highest proportion of N uptake by rice was from soil
About 6.2 and 13.3% of applied N remained in the soil
treated with chemical fertilizer and biogas slurry,
respectively
Significant amount of N was lost from the soil-plant
system