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, .
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, . 292
2
293
:
1729 deMairan , .
, .
Brassica rapa 20 5 294
295 - -
,
Circadian rhythm, Circadian clock
Latin: Circa = , ; dies = Franz Halberg, 1959 296
6
- (, SCN) , .
, , . 297
298
299
~ 700 m
-
1 2910
100 m 2911
100
100 1 2912
(, SCN) , .
: . 2913
012345()
1
1
100 m 2914
29
()15
. , .
: ? 2916
: 1) , 2) , 3)
2917
012345()
2918
Per,* Per*
Per 2919
24 , , , , .
2920
, , . . , .
, .
2921
PER2::LUC , 2922
29
()23
2924
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, . , , .
http://scisne.net/a-1599
, () . , , () , . - . 1- 1- , . , , , , , , . , , . 1- 1- , .
28
,
2929
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Q10, 10 .
Q10 = Vt/Vt-10oC
2 < Q10 < 3, Q10~1.
2931
Transcriptionaltranslational feedback loop (TTFL) drives rhythms in gene expression At the beginning of the cycle, CLOCKBMAL1 protein complexes bind DNA at specific promoter regions (E-box) to activate the transcription of a family of genes including the period (Per1, Per2 and Per3) genes and cryptochrome (Cry1 and Cry2) genes. The levels of the transcripts for Per and Cry genes reach their peak during the period from midday to late in the day, whereas the PER and CRY proteins peak in the early night. The PERs, CRYs and other proteins form complexes that translocate back into the nucleus and turn off the transcriptional activity driven by CLOCKBMAL1 with a delay (owing to the time required for transcription, translation, dimerization and nuclear entry). Other feedback loops within the cells contribute to the precision and robustness of the core oscillation. 2932
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