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20073
GLOBAL PUBLISHING
Talatpasa Mah. Emirgazi CaddesiIbrahim Elmas Is Merkezi A Blok Kat 4
Okmeydani - Istanbul / Turkey(+90 212) 222 00 88
Secil Ofset in Istanbul
100 Yil Mah. MAS-SIT Matbaacilar Sitesi4. Cadde No: 77 Bagcilar-Istanbul/Turkey
(+90 212) 629 06 15
www.harunyahya.com / www.harunyahya.net
140
1956
2080
57
45,00030,000
[
]
21
.............................................................................................................. 14
1. ? ......................................................................................... 16
2. ............................................ 44 ......................................................................... 46
...................................................... 48 ............................................................... 50 .................................................................... 52 ............................................................... 54 ................................................................... 56 ................................................................... 58 ................................................................... 60 .............................................................. 62 ................................................................... 64 ........................................................... 66 .............................................................. 68 .................................................................... 70 ..................................................... 72 ................................................................... 74 ................................................................... 76 .................................................................... 78 ...................................................... 80 ................................................................... 82 .................................................................... 84 ............................................................... 86 .................................................................... 88 ............................................................ 90
............................................... 92 ............................................ 94 ........................................ 96 ............................................. 98
..................................................................100 ..................................................................102 ............................................................104 .......................................................106 .................................................................108 .................................................................110 .................................................................112 .................................................................114 ............................................................116 .................................................................118 ............................................................120 ..............................................122 ............................................................124 ...............................................126 .................................................................128 ..........................................................130 .......................................................132 .................................................................134 ...................................................136 .................................................................138 ..................................................................140 ...................................................142 ..................................................................144 ..................................................................146 ..................................................................148 .................................................................150
..................................................................184
...............................................220
.......................................................152 .................................................................154 .......................................................156 ..................................................................158 .........................................160 .................................................................162 .........................................................164 ...................................................166
.................................................................168 ............................................................170 .................................................................172 ...................................................174 .................................................................176 ...................................................178 .................................................................180 ..................................................................182
............................................................186 .......................................................188 ............................................................190 .................................192 .................................................................194 ................................196 ........................198 ............................................................200 ............................................................202
...................................204 ..........................................................206 ............................................................208 ............................................................210 .......................................................212 ..............................................214 ..............................................216 .................................................................218
.......................................................222 .................................................................223 ...................................................224 ..........................................................225 ...............................................................226 ..................................................................228 .......................................................229 .............................230 ...........................................232 .............................2335 ...................................234 ............................................235 .................................................................236 ............................................................237 ...................................................238 .........................................................239 .................................................................240 .................................................................242 ..................................................................2433 ................................244 ......................................................245 ..................................................................246 ...............................................2472 .................................................248
...........................................249 ...............................................250 ...............................................252 .........................................................253 ...........................................254 .............................................................255 ...............................................256 .........................................................2572 ...................................258 ..................................................................260 ..................................................................261 .......................................................................262 .................................263 ........................264 .........................................................265 ..................................................................266 ....................................................268 .........................................................269 .................................................................270 ...........................................271 ......................................272 ..................................................................273 ....................................................274 ..................................................................275
.......................................................................310
.......................................................................330
..................................................................338
.......................................................................339
3. .................................................................350
, ............................................................276 ..................................................................277 .........................................................278 .........................................279 ............................................................280 .................................................................281 .................................................................282 ............................................................283 .................................................................284, .....................................................285 ............................................................286 .........................................287 .................................................................288 .................................................................289 .................................................................290 .................................................................291 ..............................................292
............................................................293 .................................................................294 .................................................................295 .................................................................296 ..............................................297 .................................................................298, ...............................299 ..........................................................300 .................................................................301, .....................................................302, ..................................................303 ...............................................................304 .................................................................305 .................................................................306 .................................................................307 ...............................................................308 .......................................................309
.................................................................312 ...............................................................313 .................................................................314 .................................................................315 .................................................................316 ...................................................318 ...............................................................320 .................................................................322
.................................................................323 ......................................................324 ................................................................ 325 ...............................................................326 .................................................................327 .................................................................328 .......................................................329
..................................................................332 ..................................................................334 ..................................................................336
...........................................340 ..................................................................342 ....................................................344
.......................................................346 .........................................................348 ...............................................................349
.......................................................................352
..................................................................380
........................................................381
..................................................................386
.......................................................................398
..................................................................416
.......................................................................417
.............................350 .............................352 .......................................................................354 ..................................................................356 .............................................................359 .............................................................360 .......................................................................362 .................................................364 ..................................................................366
............................................................368 .............................................................370 .................................................................372 ............................................................374 .........................................................376 .........................................................377 .......................................................................378 ........................380 ..............381
....................................................................382 ..................................................................384
..................................................................388 ..................................................................390 .............................................................392
.........................................................394 .................................................................396
.............................................................400 ............................................................402 ............................................................404 ...................................................406 ............................................................408
..................................................................410 .............................................................412 .........................................................414 .........................................................415
..................................................................418 ................................419 ........................................420 ..................................................................422 .........................................................423TRUE MIDGE ...........................424 .................................................425 .................................................................426 ..................................................................427 .................................................................428 .................................................................429 ....................................................................430
.................................................................4312 ........................................................432 .................................................................433 .................................................................434 .................................................................435 .................................................................436 .................................................................437 .......................................................................438 ............................................................439 .........................................................440 ..................................................................441
4. ...................................................442
..................................................................444
....................................................488
....................................................488
5. .........................506
.......................................................................508
.................................................................446 ............................................................448 ............................................................450 .................................................................452 ..........................................................454 .................................................................456
.................................................................457 .................................................................458 ...............................................................459 ...............................................................460 .................................................................462 .................................................................463
...............................................................466 .................................................................468 ..................................................................470 ..................................................................472 ....................................................................474 ..................................................................476
..................................................................478 ...............................................................480 ..................................................................482 .................................................................484 .................................................................486
.............................................................490 4 ................................................494 .............................................................496 ............................................................497 .................................................................498
............................................................500 .............................................................501 ...................................................502 .............................................................504 ............................................................505
.................................................................510 ..................................................................512 ........................................................513 .................................................................514 ...............................................................516 .................................................................518 ............................................................520 .................................................................522 .................................................................524 ..................................................................526 ..........................................................528 ............................................................... 530 ............................................................532 ..................................................................534 ............................................................536
....................................................................538 ...............................................................540 .................................................................542 .................................................................544 .................................................................546 .................................................................548 .................................................................550 .................................................................552 .......................................................554 .................................................................556 .................................................................558 .........................................................560 ......................................................562 .......................................................564 .......................................................566
..................................................................572
.............................................................573
........................................................................................................... 610
........................................................................................ 614
.....................................................................616 ...........................................................................626 ...................................................................................628 ................................................................630 ...........................................................................634 ....................................................................642 .......................................................647 .................................................652 ..............................................656 ..............................................666 ..........................................................................668 .....................................................................671 .......................................................691 ................................................................................716 ............................................................720 ..............................................728 ..................................................741 .......................................................746 ..................................................750 ..........................................................................754 ................................................................768 .........................................791
.............................................................574 ..................................................................576
14
150
20
50005000
15
3
1.25
?
19
2.57000
4.94.43
150
38002300
20001500
20
X
X
17
(Robert Hooke)(1665
Micrographia 1668Discourse
of Earthquakes)Niels Stensen
Nicolas Steno
Leonardo da Vinci
21
23
4.94.434.434.174.484.42
24
1
54002800
25
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
1 2
7
3
6
4
85
9
10
5000
2.061.44
26
1.
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20001500
27
465.43
5.434.9
1.5
1.45
Eichstatt
Hajoula
2.52.032.5
1.45
28
19
19635
1.6
2.5
3.39
4.17
5.5.5
1819
William Smith
Somerset2.061.44
29
,
Cambrian Period (543 to 490
million years ago)
Ordovician Period(490 to 443
million years ago)SilurianPeriod
(443 to 417 million years
ago)
Permian period
(290 to 248 million years
ago) Tri
ass
ic P
eri
od
(248 t
o 2
06 m
illion y
ears
ago)
PRECAMBRIAN (4.6 billion to 543 million years ago)
(65 million years ago to today)
Tert
iary
Peri
od
Quate
rnary
Peri
od
PALEOZOICCENOZ
OIC
Devonian Period (417 to 354
million years ago)Carboniferous
Period (354 to 290
million years ago)
Cretaceous Period (144 to 65 million
years ago)
Jura
ssic
Peri
od
(206 t
o 1
44 m
illion y
ears
ago) MESOZOIC
30
1.The Precambrian Eon465.43
4638
38
25255.43
2.The Phanerozoic Eon5.43
2A.The Paleozoic Era5.432.51
3
6
Ediacara Hills5.75.431- 2- 3-
465.43
34
The Carboniferous Period3.542.9
The Permian Period2.92.48
90%-95%
4.1
3.552.95
35
2B.The Mesozoic Era2.486500
The Triassic Period2.482.06
araucaria2.482.06
36
The Jurassic Period
2.061.44
2
2
1.5
2.061.44
2
37
The Cretaceous Period
1.466500
1.35
1.41.25
2C.The Cenozoic Era6500
6500180
180
54003700
1.466500
38
3
1.
2.
3.
3938
39
X
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
40
1.
2.
The Origin of Species
1998140141227
2.061.445.434.9
54003700
41
25
15
Niles Eldredge
2 . 4 8 2.062.061.44
42
http://www. nwcreation.net/fossilsliving.
html
150
29
43
46
the Green River fossil beds5400
37001950
1856Dr. John Evans
,
60
5.1
5.432.51
47
2.5KaibabCoconino
48
540037003915.329 114015
54003700
49
50
831
54003700
5000
50
831
54003700
5000
52
5400370083.23.81.512.75104
5000
53
56
540037009.33.7 Kemmerer
57
540037009.33.7 Kemmerer
58
5000
5000
59
5000
5000
60
5400370030.412 Kemmerer
5000
61
62
54003700250.9
54003700
63
66
5400370034.213.54317Kemmerer
5400
67
68
69
3.8602.3
30003000
5.3
70
540037003112.5Kemmerer
71
72
73
3501.9582.2331.2Mazon CreekFrancis Creek Shale
33
12
72
73
3501.9582.2331.2Mazon CreekFrancis Creek Shale
33
12
74
3000
3000
75
78
2.951101634.36.4Winchell
3
79
80
500015615620.3 822.89Douglas Pass-Rangely
E CE. C. Olson
E C1965,9E.
C. Olson, The Evolution of Life, New York: The New American Library, 1965, p. 9
5000
81
54003700
54003700
82
83
55003513.7239
5500
84
85
86
65005400124.8AlmontSentinel Butte
6500
124.8
87
88
5500124.8
89
90
5400370017.26.8
5500
91
92
3431.6,732.8481.8 nodule pair 11Pit 11, Francis Creek Shale, Braidwood
Braidwood
3000
93
96
1500Stewart Springs Flora
1500
5000
97
98
99
1500Stewart Springs Flora
1500
102
1500Stewart Springs Flora
35
1500
1500
103
104
105
23005003.81.5Puente
106
1500Stewart Springs Flora
1500
1500
107
54003700
54003700
108
109
110
5500218.25
200
218.2
Green River22007217
111
112
54003700
54003700
113
4500301.18602.3602.3150.59
116
117
38002300 6.62.6Beaverhead Muddy Creek
38002300
120
121
122
54003700
54003700
123
124
5400370072.81.20.524.29.5145.5 Douglas Pass
54003700
125
126
526.610.5
127
128
54003700Kemmerer
54003700
129
54003700Kemmerer
150
54003700
130
131
132
650054007.63
6500
5400
133
134
54003700Kemmerer
54003700
135
136
137
650054005.72.3
800
65005400
138
54003700Kemmerer
194
139
54003700Kemmerer
194
140
1801.1 LA Brea Tar Pits
141
6500540012.75
65005400
142
143
144
3.62.8610.24331315.26St.Clair
3.62.86
145
146
54003700
54003700
147
54003700239
148
149
150
230050011.44.5SantaYnezVaquero
Syngathoidei
2300500
151
330038.11525.4105.082Converse County
3300
156
157
158
33006.32.522.8917.7710.14,Converse County
159
160
54003700Kemmerer
195
161
54003700Kemmerer
195
540037001004100.4622.41305,
54003700
54003700
162
163
164
54003700301.2663903.5692.7,
54003700
165
54003700Kemmerer
54003700
38002300BruleConverse CountyWhite River Group
38002300
168
169
38002300BruleSioux CountyWhite River Group
38002300
170
171
174
1300125104CalvertCalvert
175
176
380023001351044.51.75BruleSioux County
Robert Carroll
207
177
4.13.63.81.5JeffersonClark
3.6
178
179
3.63.256.22.46.22.4Edwardsville
3.63.25
182
183
184
46
5.43
Burgess Shale Formation
20Charles Doolittle Walcott
5
140
185
Gasp
19
3.753.5
3.7
Spermasposita
186
50008.33.253.21.25Cache Creek
5000
187
188
500072.75104
1000150
492
5000
189
190
191
50001041.50.6
192
500010412.75
Paul Pierre Grass
Evolution of Living Organisms
199730
5000
193
194
3.518.57.3
4.173.54
3.5
195
196
5400370072.751.50.6
54003700
197
198
5400370072.710.74.3
54003700
199
200
5400370020.28239.3
54003700
201
202
1801.115.268.63.4
203
204
5400370052,5.82.3
2.7
54003700
205
54003700525.82.3
54003700
206
207
5000114.35.82.3
5000
208
209
210
211
5400370031.22.51
54003700
212
5400370031.272.8
54003700
213
214
540037003112.2187
54003700
215
216
52004360150.6,114.327 11455.7114.3Tranquille
52004360
217
1.466500Bear Paw Formation
150
1.466500
218
219
220
100
100
1.31.2
800075008000
80007500
Cedar Lake ambers7000
1
5500500
221
EL Valle
222
2500
2500
223
2500160.6100.3
50
2500
224
2500110.490.3
2500
225
2500170.6100.3
2500
226
227
2500180.7140.5
2500
228
2500170.6110.4
2000
2500
229
2500
258
1.93.1
2500
230
2500150.5130.5
231
232
2500
2500
233
2500
2
234
52500
2500
235
2500
2500
236
2500
2500
237
2500
2500
238
2500
2500
239
2500
1
240
2500
2500
241
242
2500
2500
243
2500
2500
244
32500
245
2500
2500
246
2500
48,000
247
2500
2500
248
58
2
2500
2500
249
58
2500
2500
250
2500
2500
251
252
2500
250011
253
2500
2500
254
2500
2500
255
2500
2500
256
2500
2500
257
2500130.570.2
2500
258
2
2500
22500
259
260
2500
2500
261
2500
2500
243
262
2500
263
2500
2500
264
2500
2500
246
246
2500
2500
265
266
2500
2500
267
268
2500
101800
2500
2500
269
270
2500
2500
271
2500
272
2500
2500
273
2500
2500
274
2500
275
2500
2500
276
2500
2500
277
2500
278
2500
2500
279
2500
2500
280
2500291.1271
2500
281
2500130.5120.420.08
2500
2500
282
2500250.9160.6
2500
2500
2500
283
2500120.4100.3
60,000
284
2500100.380.3
2500
285
2500110.480.3
2500
286
2500
2500
287
2500
2500
288
2500
2500
289
2500
290
2500
291
2500
2500
292
2500
2500
293
2500
2500
294
2500
2500
295
2500
2500
296
2500
297
2500190.7130.5
2500
2500
298
2500
299
300
2500
2500
301
2500
302
2500
2500
2500
2500
303
304
25006.32.53.81.51.20.5
2500
305
2500
2500
306
2500
307
2500
2500
308
2500
2500
309
2500
2.5
2.5
2500
310
46
5.43
Sao Francisco
2SantanaCrato
Araripe
1.466500
25
Araripe25
AraripeCeara
311
Crato
Nova Olinda
Santana
312
1.28150.5110 4.31003.9
225
10
313
1.089200230.912851285Nova Olinda Member
1.089200
314
275
1.251.91.9903.550.2Nova Olinda Member
315
1.4665008.83.59.13.6
1.466500
316
1.089200301.1752.91104.31003.9
1.089200
317
318
1.14818
2.061.44
1.1
319
320
1.1261
3.21.1
3.21.1
1.1
321
322
320
1.089200250.9903.51134.4
1.089200
323
1.28180.71104.3933.6
324
1.089200261154.51024.5
5005000
1.08
9200
325
1.089200
1.08
9200
326
1.252.5111.54.511.54.50.70.2
3.2
2.5
"Evrimin Cikmaz SokaklariYasayanFosiller"[Cul-
de-sac of evolution: Living Fossils], Focus, April 2003
327
1.2520.810.547.52.90.50.2
1.25
328
1.253.81.5
1.25
329
1.251.50.61.80.73.41.3
2
1.25
330
3
Cajamarca
Pisco
3018.6
Pisco
331
19
Cajamarca
332
204
23005007.63Casamarca
2300500
333
334
2.081.4683.25 Bambamarca
2.081.46
335
336
345
OYSTER
2.081.4683.25Bambamarca
2.081.46
337
338
Ischigualasto2.3
2.482.062050
Jaramillo
3.5
Jaramillo
Ischigualasto2.3
Quiriquina
339
340
1.655.62.272.7
1.65
1.65
341
342
2300500Rio de la Plata
2300
500
343
344
190
2.081.467.63Cerro Cuadrado
2.081.46
345
346
171
180012.7 5
1800
347
348
170
180015.26
38
349
2500156Concepcin
2500
352
Messel
Solnhofen
2.081.46
MesselSolnhofenHolzmaden
Hunsrckschiefer
5.432.51
353
7
700229610003280
54003700
Holzmaden
HunsrckschieferSchieferhalde
1.45(Eichsttt 10.5 4.115.2 5.9Malm Zeta
2
1.45
354
355
356
3.9 Hunsrckschiefer
3.9
357
358
359
5000Olschiefer ,
1.5
5000
362
1.55 7.5 2.9 20.8 8.1 21.6 8.5
1.55
363
54003700 31.75 12.5
1.8
54003700
364
365
366
54003700 8.2 3.24.51.8
367
370
371
1.45 , Malm Zeta
200
4.15
1.45
372
2.081.46 12.9 5.1 16.2 6.4 5.5 2.2 , Malm Zeta
2
373
374
1.55 2 95 3.775 2.920 0.7
3
2.451.5
375
4.13.6 9.3 3.7 13.2 5.2BundenbachHunsruck
4.13.6
376
377
4.13.6 7 2.75 9 3.5 BundenbachHunsruck
4.13.6
378
2.081.46 19.5 7.7
379
380
24%
10003280
4.173.54
3.542.9
6500
Ordesa6001968
Bardenas Reales
381
9002953
255.45
5.434.94.173.54
1300Barrende300
Joachim BarrendeBarrendeJince
Jince5.432.51
382
3.62.86 13 5.110 3.9LeonCanales
3.62.86
383
384
1200 11.5 4.518 7
1200
1200
385
386
1.65
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387
Butterloch
2.92.48
Monte Bolca
388
600 Marecchia, Fiume
600
389
390
2600 5 2
2600
391
392
4800 19.6 7.7 Monte Bolca
4800
48
393
394
1000 42 1.6 35 1.3Vittoria d'Alba
1000
395
396
2300500 25 10 Paggio Berni(Marecchia River) ,
2300500
397
398
4.434.174.17
3.546
Dorset
Jurassic Coast
Crock Hey
399
Lancashire
3.542.9
3.4
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400
b
a
3 30 1.1 28 37 1.439 1.5 Crock Hey , ADuckmantian
3
3
401
a
b
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1.82
403
404
1.67 22 0.8 Freshwater ,
1.67
405
406
274
2 5.5 2.2 Conningsby
2
407
274
2 5.5 2.2 Conningsby
2
408
1.67 34 1.3 Sherborne
1.67
409
410
3 5 2 Crock Hey 4 , A,
3
411
412
1.67 40 1.5 Burton Bradstock ,
413
Ural Mountains
54003700
Samland
258240131blue earth
1000220412.2
3.542.9
2
416
417
5000
4500
54003700
418
4500 29 1.117 0.6
4500
419
319
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Solly ZuckermanCharles OxnardScience et Vie
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1819
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1993
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639
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664
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0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 .
0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 .
0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0
500
1/10950
19500
702
3
1
2
3
500
1.
20
- 20 = 1/20
- 500
= 1/20500 = 1/10650
= 10650 1
2. - = 1/2 500 = 1/2500 = 1/10150
= 10150 1
3. 50
- = 1/2- 500 = 1/2 499 = 1/10 150
= 10 150 1
= 1/10650 x 1/10150x 1/10150 = 1/10 950
=10950 1
703
500
500
1/10950
500
499
704
204060
Stanley Miller1953
Harold Urey
100
20
1.
Richard Bliss
705
19982
1953
1
19983
2
1- Earth, "Life's Crucible", February 1998, p.342- National Geographic, "The Rise of Life on Earth", March 1998, p.68
H2O, CO2, N2, H2
706
115
2. 2080
116
,
Kevin Mc KeanDiscovery
N2
CO2H2O117
J.P.J.P. FerrisC.T.C.T. Chen
118
3.
35
119
4.
120
707
121
2070
708
Sydney Fox
122
123
2070
'
124
709
2000
1
Andrew Scott
2
1- Fred Hoyle, The Intelligent Universe, New York, Holt, Rinehard & Winston, 1983, p. 2562- Andrew Scott, "Update on Genesis", New Scientist, vol. 106, May 2nd, 1985, p. 30
710
DNA
DNARNA
1953James
WatsonFrancis CrickDNA
100DNA
DNAAT
GC
DNA
DNA2066001000
1.00097,000100
DNA900500
DNA
DNA
3
Frank Salisbury
300DNA1000
DNA1000DNA
DNA100DNA
711
41,000
41000=106001010
6001600
125
41000106001600
11211
600
RNADNA
Paul Auger
126
Francis CricDNA
127
Ali Demirsoy
DNA-RNA
128
DNA
DNA
Homer Jacobson
[]
129
DNA
JunkerScherer
130
Michael Denton
DNA
712
101000
131
RNA2070
RNA
RNA
1986Walter Gi lbert
Thomas CechRNA
RNA
DNA
1. RNA
RNAJohn Horgan
RNA
RNARNA
RNA
132
2. RNA
Gerald JoyceLeslie Orgel
RNA
RNA
RNA133
3. RNA
RNA
RNA
RNA
713
RNARNA
Jacques Monod
DNARNA
50DNA
134
RNA
50
RNARNA
199410
RNA
135
RNA
RNA
C.Gordon C. Mills
714
Dean KenyonRNA
RNARNARNA
136
Brig Klyce2001
RNA
137
RNADNA
1
DNA
DNADNA
DNA2
RNA
3
Nicholas Wade2000
4
1- Leslie E. Orgel, "The Origin of Life on Earth", Scientific American, vol. 271, October 1994, p. 782- John Horgan, "In the Beginning", Scientific American, vol. 264, February 1991, p. 1193- Douglas R. Hofstadter, Gdel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid, New York, Vintage Books, 1980, p. 5484- Nicholas Wade, "Life's Origins Get Murkier and Messier", The New York Times, June 13, 2000, pp. D1-D2
715
Hayy
C h a n d r a
Wickramasinghe
138
716
1
DNARNA
J.H.J.H. Rush
2
Roger Lewin
3
George Stravropoulos
4
Jeremy Rifkin
5
717
718
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6
a
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
a
B .
719
Charles B. ThaxtonL.
Walter L. BradleyL.
Roger L. Olsen
DNA
7
8
DNA
Alexander
Oparin
9
1. Jeremy Rifkin, Entropy: A New World View, New York, Viking Press, 1980, p.6
2. J. H. Rush, The Dawn of Life, New York, Signet, 1962, p 35
3. Roger Lewin, "A Downward Slope to Greater Diversity", Science, vol. 217, 24.9.1982, p. 1239
4. George P. Stravropoulos, "The Frontiers and Limits of Science", American Scientist, vol. 65, November-December 1977, p.674
5. Jeremy Rifkin, Entropy: A New World View, p.55
6. For further info, see: Stephen C. Meyer, "The Origin of Life and the Death of Materialism", The Intercollegiate Review, 32, No. 2, Spring 1996
7. Charles B. Thaxton, Walter L. Bradley & Roger L. Olsen, The Mystery of Life's Origin: Reassessing Current Theories, 4. edition, Dallas, 1992. chapter 9, p. 134
8. Ilya Prigogine, Isabelle Stengers, Order Out of Chaos, New York, Bantam Books, 1984, p. 175
9. Robert Shapiro, Origins: A Sceptics Guide to the Creation of Life on Earth, Summit Books, New York: 1986, p. 207
720
DNADNA
RNARNA
RNA
721
Pierre-Paul Grass
139
140
179
10-950
724
100
725
726
Hi-Fi
186043Asa Gray
141
Humphrey BogartFrank Sinatra
Ra
6-7
727
179
14-15
150
116
117-119
60Malcom Muggeridge
142
728
1844
143
144
729
20
Norman Macbeth
145
Luther Burbank
146 W.L.
W. L. Johannsen
147
Galapagos Islands
14
20
731
PeterRosemary Grant
148
DDT
DDT
Alexander Fleming1928
1997Lee Spetner
1
2
2001
149
biocosm
150
Selman WaksmanAlbert Schatz
1944
NDT
20
732
151
DDT
Francisco Ayala
152
153
733
S.R.S.R. ScaddingEvolutionary Theory
'154
R.R. Wiedersheim1895
100
1997
155
T
H.H. Enoch
156
734
1.
2.
3.
Frank
Salisbury
157
736
Dean Kenyon
Percival
Davis
158
Carl Linnaeus
Richard Owen
737
DNADNA
DNA
159
20
2080
William Fix
160
DNA
738
C
161162
.
'''
163
2090
RNArRNA
Herv Philippe
Patrick Forterre1999
rRNA164
rRNADNA
1999A.James A. Lake
Ravi JainC.Maria C. Rivera
rRNA165
rRNA
Carl Woese
166
1999
Elizabeth Pennisi
DNA
739
TIGRClaire Fraser
rRNA167
rRNA1996
88199819
13199812
Jonathan Wells
2000
168
Ernst Haeckel
19
George Gaylord Simpson
169
2050
20170
(Francis Hitching, The
Neck of the Giraffe:
Where Darwin Went
Wrong, p. 205)
740
'
171
741
10
20
C.Richard C. Lewontin
742
172
DNARobert
Shapiro
Alexander Oparin173
Hoimar von Ditfurth
174
743
Ali Demirsoy
C
175
C
176
Douglas Futuyma
1
J.Stephen J. Gould
2
Leon Trotsky
3
1- Douglas Futuyma, Evolutionary Biology, 2nd ed., Sunderland, MA: Sinauer, 1986, p. 3 2- Alan Woods and Ted Grant, "Marxism and Darwinism", Reason in Revolt: Marxism and Modern Science, London, 19933- Alan Woods and Ted Grant. "Marxism and Darwinism", London, 1993
744
177
19
745
19
20
150
Anthony Flew
1
Paul Davies
2
George Greenstein
3
C(George
C Williams)1995
4
Werner Gitt
5
Arthur Koestler
6
1- Henry Margenau, Roy A. Vargesse, Cosmos, Bios, Theos, La Salle IL: Open Court Publishing, 1992, p. 2412- Paul Davies, God and the New Physics, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1983, p. 1893- Hugh Ross, The Creator and the Cosmos, Colorado Springs, CO: Nav-Press, 1993, pp. 114-154- George C. Williams, The Third Culture: Beyond the Scientific Revolution, New York, Simon & Schuster, 1995, pp. 42-435- Werner Gitt, In the Beginning Was Information, CLV, Bielefeld, Germany, pp. 107, 1416- Arthur Koestler, Janus: A Summing Up, New York, Vintage Books, 1978, p. 250
746
20
50
747
748
6000
1
1- Victor B. Scheffer, "Exploring the Lives of Whales", National Geographic, vol. 50,
December 1976, p. 752
749
1,000
EusthenopteronRhipitistian Crossoptergian
Ichthyostega
750
//
751
752
1998199844SRFSRFDuane Gish Kenneth CummingCevat Babuna
199875Cemal Reit Rey1000PMichael.P.GirouardEdward Boudreaux
Nevzat YalcintasSRF
753
Carl FliermansEdip KehaDavid Menton Duane GishICRJohn MorrisCRR35
199871210002500199882005721502800SRF
30
754
756
68-69
5-7
300
757
2.102.6938-43
179
20,000
50,000200,00020
30
180
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90%
500
40181
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759
100
300
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30,0001,500
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500-600
183
Dinopis
320*
(*) "The Structure and Properties of Spider Silk", Endeavour, January 1986, vol. 10, pp.37-43
760
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184
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550 milimol/1-5 mmol/4-5
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763
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Frederic Vester
190
R.L.R. L. Gregory
191
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C192
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193
George Berkey:
194
774
775
:
255
1999130:
2002427
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195
R.L.R. L. Gregory
196
Karl Pribram
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776
Saint Francis197
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alk haliq
778
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Imam Rabbani
..... .
255
4154
115
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186
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96
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780
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126
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George Politzer
Samuel Johnson
782
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784
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Renan Pekunlu
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Lawh Mahfuz
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4
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Muhyiddin Ibn Arabi
Mevlana Cami
George Berkeley
Mektubat
204
790
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30
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Francois JacobLe Jeu des
Possibles
792
205
206
207
208
793
3
27330
3033209
794
1400
(52)
45
(112-114)
(47)
(4)
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(11-12)
795
(19)
259
210
796
68-73
21
16
12-13
(36)
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(61)
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Samuel Johnson,
211
797
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(
24)
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16
798
NOTES
1. Cliff, Conner, "Evolution vs. Creationism: In Defense of Scientific Thinking", International Socialist Review (Monthly Magazine Supplement to the Militant), November 1980.2. Ali Demirsoy, Kalitim ve Evrim (Inheritance and Evolution), Ankara: Meteksan Publishing Co., 1984, p. 61.3. Michael J. Behe, Darwin's Black Box, New York: Free Press, 1996, pp. 232-233.4. Richard Dawkins, The Blind Watchmaker, London: W. W. Norton, 1986, p. 159.5. Jonathan Wells, Icons of Evolution: Science or Myth? Why Much of What We Teach About Evolution is Wrong, Regnery Publishing, 2000, pp. 235-2366. Dan Graves, Science of Faith: Forty-Eight Biographies of Historic Scientists and Their Christian Faith, Grand Rapids, MI, Kregel Resources.7. Science, Philosophy, And Religion: A Symposium, 1941, CH.13. 8. Max Planck, Where is Science Going?, www.websophia.com/aphorisms/science.html. 9. H. S. Lipson, "A Physicist's View of Darwin's Theory", Evolution Trends in Plants, Vol 2, No. 1, 1988, p. 6.10. Although Darwin came up with the claim that his theory was to-tally independent from that of Lamarck's, he gradually started to rely on Lamarck's assertions. Especially the 6th and the last edition of The Origin of Species is full of examples of Lamarck's "inheritance of acquired traits". See Benjamin Farrington, What Darwin Really Said, New York: Schocken Books, 1966, p. 64.11. Michael Ruse, "Nonliteralist Antievolution", AAAS Symposium: "The New Antievolutionism," February 13, 1993, Boston, MA.12. Steven M. Stanley, Macroevolution: Pattern and Process, San Francisco: W. H. Freeman and Co. 1979, pp. 35, 159.13. Colin Patterson, "Cladistics", Interview with Brian Leek, Peter Franz, March 4, 1982, BBC.14. Jonathan Wells, Icons of Evolution: Science or Myth? Why Much of What We Teach About Evolution is Wrong, Regnery Publishing, 2000, pp. 141-15115. Jerry Coyne, "Not Black and White", a review of Michael Majerus's Melanism: Evolution in Action, Nature, 396 (1988), pp. 35-3616. Stephen Jay Gould, "The Return of Hopeful Monsters", Natural History, Vol 86, July-August 1977, p. 28.17. Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species: A Facsimile of the First Edition, Harvard University Press, 1964, p. 189. 18. Ibid, p. 177.19. B. G. Ranganathan, Origins?, Pennsylvania: The Banner Of Truth Trust, 1988.20. Warren Weaver, "Genetic Effects of Atomic Radiation", Science, Vol 123, June 29, 1956, p. 1159.21. Gordon R. Taylor, The Great Evolution Mystery, New York: Harper & Row, 1983, p. 48.22. Michael Pitman, Adam and Evolution, London: River Publishing, 1984, p. 70.23. Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species: A Facsimile of the First Edition, Harvard University Press, 1964, p. 179.24. Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species, Oxford University Press, New York, 1998, pp. 140, 141, 227.25. Derek V. Ager, "The Nature of the Fossil Record", Proceedings of the British Geological Association, Vol 87, 1976, p. 133.26. Mark Czarnecki, "The Revival of the Creationist Crusade", MacLean's, January 19, 1981, p. 56.27. R. Wesson, Beyond Natural Selection, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1991, p. 4528. David Raup, "Conflicts Between Darwin and Paleontology", Bulletin, Field Museum of Natural History, Vol 50, January 1979, p. 24.29. Richard Monastersky, "Mysteries of the Orient", Discover, April 1993, p. 40.30. Richard Fortey, "The Cambrian Explosion Exploded?", Science, vol 293, No 5529, 20 July 2001, pp. 438-439.31. Ibid.32. Richard Dawkins, The Blind Watchmaker, London: W. W. Norton 1986, p. 229.33. Douglas J. Futuyma, Science on Trial, New York: Pantheon
Books, 1983, p. 197.34. Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species: A Facsimile of the First Edition, Harvard University Press, 1964, p. 302.35. Stefan Bengston, Nature, Vol. 345, 1990, p. 765.36. The New Animal Phylogeny: Reliability And Implications, Proc. of Nat. Aca. of Sci., 25 April 2000, vol 97, No 9, pp. 4453-4456. 37. Ibid.38. Gerald T. Todd, "Evolution of the Lung and the Origin of Bony Fishes: A Casual Relationship", American Zoologist, Vol 26, No. 4, 1980, p. 757.39. R. L. Carroll, Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, New York: W. H. Freeman and Co. 1988, p. 4.; Robert L. Carroll, Patterns and Processes of Vertebrate Evolution, Cambridge University Press, 1997, p. 296-9740. Edwin H. Colbert, M. Morales, Evolution of the Vertebrates, New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1991, p. 99.41. Jean-Jacques Hublin, The Hamlyn Encyclopdia of Prehistoric Animals, New York: The Hamlyn Publishing Group Ltd., 1984, p. 120.42. Jacques Millot, "The Coelacanth", Scientific American, Vol 193, December 1955, p. 39.43. Bilim ve Teknik Magazine, November 1998, No: 372, p. 21.44. Robert L. Carroll, Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, New York: W. H. Freeman and Co., 1988, p. 198.45. Engin Korur, "Gzlerin ve Kanatlarn Srr" (The Mystery of the Eyes and the Wings), Bilim ve Teknik, No. 203, October 1984, p. 25.46. Nature, Vol 382, August, 1, 1996, p. 401.47. Carl O. Dunbar, Historical Geology, New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1961, p. 310.48. L. D. Martin, J. D. Stewart, K. N. Whetstone, The Auk, Vol 98, 1980, p. 86.49. Ibid, p. 86; L. D. Martin, "Origins of Higher Groups of Tetrapods", Ithaca, New York: Comstock Publising Association, 1991, pp. 485, 540.50. S. Tarsitano, M. K. Hecht, Zoological Journal of the Linnaean Society, Vol 69, 1985, p. 178; A. D. Walker, Geological Magazine, Vol 177, 1980, p. 595.51. Pat Shipman, "Birds do it... Did Dinosaurs?", New Scientist, February 1, 1997, p. 31.52. "Old Bird", Discover, March 21, 1997.53. Ibid.54. Pat Shipman, "Birds Do It... Did Dinosaurs?", p. 28.55. Robert L. Carroll, Patterns and Processes of Vertebrate Evolution, Cambridge University Press, 1997, pp. 280-81.56.. Jonathan Wells, Icons of Evolution, Regnery Publishing, 2000, p. 117.57. Pat Shipman, "Birds Do It... Did Dinosaurs?", p. 28.58. Ibid.59. Roger Lewin, "Bones of Mammals, Ancestors Fleshed Out", Science, vol 212, June 26, 1981, p. 1492.60. George Gaylord Simpson, Life Before Man, New York: Time-Life Books, 1972, p. 42.61. R. Eric Lombard, "Review of Evolutionary Principles of the Mammalian Middle Ear, Gerald Fleischer", Evolution, Vol 33, December 1979, p. 1230.62. David R. Pilbeam, "Rearranging Our Family Tree", Nature, June 1978, p. 40.63. Earnest A. Hooton, Up From The Ape, New York: McMillan, 1931, p. 332.64. Malcolm Muggeridge, The End of Christendom, Grand Rapids, Eerdmans, 1980, p. 59.65. Stephen Jay Gould, "Smith Woodward's Folly", New Scientist, February 5, 1979, p. 44.66. Kenneth Oakley, William Le Gros Clark & J. S, "Piltdown", Meydan Larousse, Vol 10, p. 133. 67. Stephen Jay Gould, "Smith Woodward's Folly", New Scientist, April 5, 1979, p. 44.68. W. K. Gregory, "Hesperopithecus Apparently Not An Ape Nor A Man", Science, Vol 66, December 1927, p. 579.69. Philips Verner Bradford, Harvey Blume, Ota Benga: The Pygmy
799
in The Zoo, New York: Delta Books, 1992.70. David Pilbeam, "Humans Lose an Early Ancestor", Science, April 1982, pp. 6-7.71. C. C. Swisher III, W. J. Rink, S. C. Antn, H. P. Schwarcz, G. H. Curtis, A. Suprijo, Widiasmoro, "Latest Homo erectus of Java: Potential Contemporaneity with Homo sapiens in Southeast Asia", Science, Volume 274, Number 5294, Issue of 13 Dec 1996, pp. 1870-1874; also see, Jeffrey Kluger, "Not So Extinct After All: The Primitive Homo Erectus May Have Survived Long Enough To Coexist With Modern Humans, Time, December 23, 1996.72. Solly Zuckerman, Beyond The Ivory Tower, New York: Toplinger Publications, 1970, pp. 75-94.73. Charles E. Oxnard, "The Place of Australopithecines in Human Evolution: Grounds for Doubt", Nature, Vol 258, p. 389.74. Holly Smith, American Journal of Physical Antropology, Vol 94, 1994, pp. 307-325. 75. Fred Spoor,