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MORALE AND PRODUCTIVITY
BY
K.VIDHYA
MORALE
• Morale is purely emotional.
• Morale is an attitude of an employee towards his job, his superior, his organisation, etc..
• Morale may range from very high to very low.
• It is not a static thing.
DEFINITION
• Edwin B. Flippo defines it as “a mental condition or attitude of individuals and groups, which determines their willingness to co-operate.
GOOD MORALE AND POOR MORALE
IMPORTANCE OF MORALE
It plays an vital role in the organisation’s
Success. High morale keeps the employees loyal
to the job, profession and organisation.
MORALE RESULTS IN:
High level commitment, sincerity, employee loyalty
Reduction in absenteeism, labour turnover, grievances
Increase in discipline
Reduction in industrial conflicts
Sound superior-subordinate relations
Increase in employee pride
Team building
Employee empowerment
Easy implementation of enterprise resource planning
INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP MORALE
INDIVIDUAL MORALE
• It is a single person’s attitude towards life
• It is related with knowing one’s own expectations and living up to them.
• If one is clear of his own needs and know how to satisfy that need then, his morale is high.
GROUP MORALE
• It reflects the general “esprit de corps”(a state of well- being and an emotional force ) of a collective group of personalities.
• It must be practiced continuously .
• It cannot be ultimately achieved because, it is constantly changing.
FACTORS AFFECTING MORALERoach determined that 12 factors affecting morale:
General worker’s attitude towards the company
General worker’s attitude towards the supervisor
The level of satisfaction with job standards
The level of consideration the supervisor shows to his subordinates.
The workload and the work pressure level
The treatment of individuals by the management
CONT........
The level of worker’s pride in company& its activities.
The level of worker’s satisfaction with salaries .
Worker’s reactions to the formal communication network in organisation.
Intrinsic job satisfaction level of the workers.
Worker satisfaction with the progress and opportunities for further progression.
The worker’s attitude towards fellow workers.
MEASUREMENT OF MORALE
1) OBSERVATION
2) ATTITUDE SURVEYS
3) COMPANY RECORDS
(1)OBSERVATION:A keen observation of employees behaviour, talk, gestures should help the manager to identify any change in the level of morale. On identifying this, the manager should immediately think of a remedial action in order to restore the morale at its previous level.
(2)ATTITUDE SURVEYS
• INTERVIEW METHOD • QUSTIONNAIRE METHOD
(3)COMPANY RECORDS AND REPORTS
• Certain reports from the personnel department provides the information about labour turnover, rate of absenteeism, no of workers grievances, strikes, etc..
MORALE AND PRODUCTIVITY
On the basis of several research studies, Miller
and Form have given four combinations of
productivity and morale.
(1)HIGH MORALE-HIGH PRODUCTIVITY
o When group goals are satisfied and individual goals including freedom of work, salary, etc. are satisfied, which will lead to motivation of the employees, so standard of performance will be high, which in turn leads to high productivity and vice versa.
(2)LOW PRODUCTIVITY-HIGH MORALE
o Though the individual goals rather than causing high productivity like pleasant fellow workers, good working conditions, etc.. are satisfied, where supervisors lack technical & administrative skills, which leads to low productivity of high morale group & where workers lack adequate skills or training leading to low productivity by high morale.
(3)HIGH PRODUCTIVITY-LOW MORALE
Supervisor is only able to increase high productivity through his skills or planning ability rather than through motivation
He practices penalty method to give rise to high productivity.
(4)LOW PRODUCTIVITY-LOW MORALE
Where group goals and individual goals did not get satisfied.
It will thus be observed that there is a complexity of relationship between morale and productivity.
WARNING SIGNS OF LOW MORALE
High rate of absenteeism
Tardiness
High labour turnover
Strikes and sabotage
Lack of pride in work
Wastage and spoilage
MAINTENANCE OF MORALE
If the management feels that there is a need for
maintenance and improvement of morale, there
are two ways:
(1) preventive measures.
(2) remedial measures.
PREVENTIVE MEASURES
a) CREATION OF WHOLE JOB:
Assigning the whole job to a single worker with
a view to satisfy his need for achievement.
b)JOB ENRICHMENT:
Designing the vertical slice of the tasks into a job
and assigning it to an employee satisfy his need
for recognition, responsibility, growth, etc..
Cont.....
c)MODIFYING THE WORK ENVIRONMENT:
Creating and providing conclusive and
challenging work environment.
d)FLEXIBLE WORKING HOURS:
Development of HRM & flexible working hours
provide freedom to the worker.
IMPROVEMENT OF MORALE
Firstly, it must be decided that a particular person who is responsible for the execution of the plan.
Each executive should be told, in writing, what he should do to improve the general morale of the employees.
Specific morale duties should be outlined for every executive.
Cont...
Mangers can concentrate on supervisory styles, company policies, working conditions and other factors external to and out of the control of the work to see that such factors are employee-oriented. leadership styles that support the worker and encourage him may be applied.