Upload
normas-yakin
View
1.341
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
The slides are part of a presentation I did for the Malaysian Golf Assoc in 2013. The biggest complaint & problem on Malaysian golf course fairways/roughs is about how wet they are. The problem on most courses, is that they don't scarify or aerate their fairways.
Citation preview
1
Drainage, drainage, drainage
www.mynormas.com
www.mynormas.com
2
www.mynormas.com 3
Contents
• Drainage x 3• Rainfall records• Effects of poor drainage• Problem solving; more drains?• Problem solving; getting water to the
drains!
www.mynormas.com 4
JANGKAAN HUJAN BULANAN PADA FEBRUARI 2013
www.mynormas.com 5
JANGKAAN HUJAN BULANAN PADA MAC 2013
www.mynormas.com 6
Rainfall record from 2002 - 2012
Total0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
20022003200420052006200720082009201020112012
www.mynormas.com 7
Effects of rainfall
• A lot of water collected• Eventually water will drain or evaporate• Too slow• During rain – cannot play• After rain – still cannot play
www.mynormas.com 8
Quote
“There are three important things on a golf course;Drainage, Drainage and Drainage”
www.mynormas.com 9
What happens poor drainage
1. can’t play golf
2. Can’t play golf
3. Can’t play golf
4. Can’t mow
5. Can’t fertilize
6. Cannot spray
www.mynormas.com 10
www.mynormas.com 11
1. Compaction
• Traffic – golfers or workers• Compresses the same mass into smaller
area• Air and oxygen is forced out• Roots and micro-organism• Die.
www.mynormas.com 12
2. Shallow / Restricted Roots
www.mynormas.com 13
3. Black layer
• Lack of oxygen• Sulfur turned into sulfides• Form hydrogen sulfide gas• Rotten egg smell• Sulfide will react iron & manganese• Become ‘black layer’
www.mynormas.com 14
4. Denitrification
• Ideal in saturated soil conditions• Soil micro-organism• Converts nitrate nitrogen into gaseous N• Yellow spots on green• Not enough nitrogen
www.mynormas.com 15
5. Drowning; under water too long
6. Too much growth
7. Scalping
8. Diluting foliar / sprays
www.mynormas.com 16
9. Diseases
• Prevalent wet soil conditions• Brown patch, • Pythium• Fusarium• etc
www.mynormas.com 17
10. Weeds, Algae, Moss
• Wet soils will have specialized weeds
www.mynormas.com 18
End of Part 1
• Drainage management• Spot poorly drained areas• Irrigation• Limited time• Go to Drainage Problem Solving (Part 2)
www.mynormas.com 19
Part 2
• Surface drainage• Shaping into swales or pots• Sumps or drains• Excess water• Stops ponding, puddles & standing water• No really ‘flat’ surface• 1% drop.
www.mynormas.com 20
Thatch
• Increases in wet soil• Act like sponge to suck water• Water will increase thatch• Vicious cycle
www.mynormas.com 21
www.mynormas.com 22
Poke
• Slice,• Spike,• Poke,• Tine• Drill• Make small holes often• Help water penetrate down
www.mynormas.com 23
Remove water
• Field capacity (tahap tepu)• A glass• Covered with cardboard top• Slicing will puncture the cardboard• But the glass will be full!• Remove water from glass – use drain.
www.mynormas.com 24
www.mynormas.com 25
Herring-bone
www.mynormas.com 26
Fish-bone
www.mynormas.com 27
Grid-iron
www.mynormas.com 28
Gravel up to sod – no sand
www.mynormas.com 29
Straight lines
www.mynormas.com 30
www.mynormas.com 31
Many new ways
• Special material• Plastic wrapped in geo-textile• No need sub-soil drains• Etc.• Must do drainage• Golf course is not self-draining.
Recap
• Drainage x 3• Effects of poor drainage• Problem solver: drain into the soil via slice• Problem solver: add more drain solution.
www.mynormas.com 32
www.mynormas.com 33
Get advice
• Before big investment• Get a second opinion• Unbiased, independent, free-lance• Experienced.• Succesful• Questions?
www.mynormas.com 34
Turf Consultancy Sdn. Bhd
• Consultancy for golf course• Advisory for golf clubs• Specialized Training for Chemical
Application• Training for Machine Operators• Staff Training for F&B and Front Office