Claude Rochet

Urban lifecycle management : A research program for smart

government of smart cities

Prof. Claude RochetClaude.rochet@univ-amu.fr

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What means “Smart”= presence of a learning feedback loop

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Action Effect

feedbackfrom 0,0001sec. to a génération

Sensors

Data

TreatmentInterpretationUsage

Decision

Technologies

Social sciences

Iconomy

When speaking of smart cities, what does it means?

Efficient urbanization

Inclusive urbanization

Sustainable urbanization

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Complex System Architecture: What are the key functions and their (un) desirable interactions?

System Integration: Granting people the same capacity to interact and have control over the urban system

Ecosystem modeling: Autopoiesis, resilience, scalability, innovation coordination

The smart city and the temptation of the totalitarian utopia

• Utopia= A perfect city in a perfect world

1896

1517

1623

1898

Are IT the new totalitarian utopia?

Is modeling a smart city possible?

• A dead end: The temptation of the ideal city : XX century garden cities, techno-pushed approaches Masdar, Songdo…

• A city is a living system

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Claude Rochet

Our basic assumptions

• A smart city is not putting lipstick on a bulldog

• A smart city is an ecosystem that includes the city and its periphery

• A smart city is a city where one may live and work in:o Economic wealth creationo Social lifeo Common weal

• A resilient architecture:o A living system based on cooperation between public authorities, private corp.,

citizenso A properly designed architecture made with off-the-shelf componentso Systemic resilience is leveraged using IT

• A sea change in firms business models and public administration.

What is our shared What is our shared vision?vision?

11/09/20146

What modelling means?

The Lego game:

• The construction is based on standardized building blocks

• No two figures are alike

• Building is made using patterns: rules of integration using semantic + syntax

• The final result in an integration of all the building blocks which is specific to needs and specifications

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Claude Rochet

A rationale for a smart city a system architect:

A three steps approach

• Strategic analysis

• Inventorying the building blocks

• Integrating the ecosystem

• Strategic alignment

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Must do

May do

How to do it?

A rationale for a smart city a system architect:1- Strategic analysis

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Why building a city & what are the strategic

goals? Who are the stakeholders?

What are the generic functions to be

performed by a smart city?

With which organs? Technical devices, software…

With which smart people?

Conception, metamodel framework, steering

Subsystems and processes

People and tools

Why designing this ecosystem?Who will live in the city?What are its activities?

How the city will be fed?Where the city is located ? (context)

What are the functions to be performed to reach the goals and how do they

interact?

With which organs and ressources?

How people will interact with the artifacts?

How civic life will organize?

Claude Rochet

A rationale for a smart city a system architect:2- Inventorying the “building blocks”

11/09/201410

Issues

• Defining “smartness” and “sustainability”

• Wealth creation• Finance and taxes• Controlling

pollution• Equilibrium center

– periphery• Migrations• Poverty• Education• Health• Crime• Segregation (social

and spatial)• Leisure• Quality of life• How people

interact with people and artifacts?

• The New Business Models:

• Public• Private

• Project management• Institutional

arrangements• The day to day

decision making process in an evolutionary perspective

• Empowerment• Direct democracy• Government• Governance• Project management• Social innovation• The state as a system

engineer• Mastering ULM

Functions• Work• Budgeting• Transportat

ion• Feeding• Caring• Protecting• Securing• Housing

policy• Education• Leisure• Social

benefits• Health care

system• Migrations

control

Resources

• Energy• Water• Data• Digital Systems• Traditions• Sociology• Technologies as

enablers and enacters

• Culture and traditions

• Institutions and public organizations

• Process modeling• Software• Tech providers• Open innovation

Capabilities

Claude Rochet

11/09/201411

A rationale for a smart city a system architect:3- Integration of the building blocks

Soft domains Hard domains

SMART city

TransportationIndustry

WorkHousing

Sanitation

EnergyWater

Waste recycling

Public services Health care

Civic life Leisure

Education Social integration

Gov

ernm

ent

Eco

nom

y

Institutional scaffolding Social life

Periphery

City

Urban ecosystem

Territory

Commercial exchanges

Food

Problems in smart cities ecosystem modeling

Hard systems may be models thanks to the laws of physics (conservative systems)

Soft systems can’t be modeled with the laws of physics (dissiptive systems)

- Social siences- Big data

- Multi-agents modeling

The key of the success is here…

… while business is there

System integration, a key competency to be developed

Claude Rochet

A tool to design and monitor the ecosystem: ULM (Urban Lifecycle Management©)

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Mat

urity

of e

cosy

stem

ic p

rope

rtie

s

Development

From history, social intelligence, idea, to framework Integrating off-the-

shelves innovation

Functional integration

Technical integration

Designing the engineering ecosystem

Project management

City 1.0

Gathering data and understanding ecosystem evolutionEvaluating,

correcting and upgrading

Sustainable City 1.0

Integrating innovation

City 2.0

Risk of collapse

Losing ecosystemic properties

Permanent improvement

Financial governance

Socio political cycle

Innovation cycle

New City

Some critical points: Data

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Legacy: How the city has evolved in the past

•Hard data: statistics•Soft data: human memory => understanding the technological trajectory and social capital

Present and future: Understanding how the city is evolving

•Observatory for hard and soft data

•Big data=> Evaluating the scalability and resilience, improving social capital

Some critical points: Monitoring evolution and innovation

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Innovation within building blocks has different speeds With smart networks innovation cycles are

connected:(before, no): a permanent challenge

The city dweller is the decider in last resort of the impact of any innovation on the city life: Good/Bad, useful/unusual, improve/kill

Power to technology or to citizens?

Correlations => Induction

Deduction =>Hypotheses Where is the brain?

Existing knowledge

Some critical points: Improving social capital, bottom-up vs. top-down: The case of Christchurch (NZ)

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Citizen produce ideas

Producing and structuring ideas

Smart government

• Design the business model of the city based on patterns

• Vibrant political life

• Open innovation all along the city life cycle

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Integration of disciplines

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Leve

ls o

f com

plex

ity

City

Functions

Citizens

Complex systems engineering

Extended P.A

Political philosophy

Complex system

modeling

Interaction and

synergies

Social networks

and interactions

Overlaps and interactions

Common good as an emergence and structuring finality

Ends and means of wealth creation

Civic implication

PolycentricGovce

The research and training program

• Integrating and upgrading into smart cities issues the basics of complex systems architecture as a basic baggage for SC stake holders

• Learning by doing: Applied research to the building of pilot projects

• Convergence of disciplines: engineering, social sciences, urban sociology, system architecture, political philosophy, complex decision making

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Merci!

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Thank you!