Upload
francois-stepman
View
1.283
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Understanding the Livestock to Nutrition Pathway for Better Outcomes
Carmen Jaquez, Practice Area Manager, Dairy, Livestock & Environment
Presentation Overview
˃Land O’Lakes˃State of Nutrition˃Cost of Malnutrition˃Conceptual Framework of Malnutrition˃Farm-level pathways to nutrition
Poultry Dairy Ruminant
˃Development Approaches˃ Field Examples
˃Conclusion & Take-aways
Land O’Lakes – Feeding the World
> DAIRY FOODS 1924
> ANIMAL NUTRITION 2001
> AGRICULTURAL SERVICES 2007
#1 in butter, deli cheese, refrigerated desserts, dairy-based food service items
#1 feed brand in the U.S. and largest animal nutrition research center
#1 wholesaler of crop production and crop protection products utilizing precision agriculture and world class technology
Three diversified businesses that can be leveraged to help the world’s poorest regions…
Our Vision
To be a global leader in transforming lives by engaging in agriculture and enterprise partnerships that replace poverty with prosperity, and dependency with self-reliance.
State of nutrition
Aggregated, under-nutrition* causes the death of 3.1 million children annually, or 45% of all child deaths in 2011.
161 million were estimated to
be stunted.
51 million were wasted
17 million were severely
wasted in 2013.
*Including fetal growth restriction, stunting, wasting, and deficiencies of vitamin A and zinc along with suboptimum breastfeeding)
Source: Black et al. 2013
Cost of malnutrition
˃Cost of undernutrition: Global: 2-3% GDP (World Bank, 2006) US $ 1.4-2.1 trillion Africa: 2% -16.5% loss in GDP
˃ Cost of Hunger Study in Africa – Ethiopia, Egypt, Uganda, Swaziland, Rwanda
˃Cost of Non-Communicable Disease: US$ 47 trillion by 2035, about US$ 1.4 trillion / year
˃ Effects of malnutrition on children:Physical
Hindered physical stature and cognitive
development
Self WorthLower self-esteem, self-confidence and career aspirations
Livelihood Earn 20% less as
adults than nourished children
Poor water, sanitation & inadequate
health services
Adapted from: FAO/UNICEF Malnutrition
DisabilityDeath
Inadequate maternal & child care practices
Insufficient access to food
Insufficient access to
NUTRITIOUS foods
Food Security Nutrition Security
Conceptual Framework of Malnutrition
QUANTITY and QUALITY of actual resources human, economic, natural & social; how resources are controlled and by whom.
Inadequate dietary intake Disease
Potential resources: environment, social, technology, people
Animal Source Foods
Milk Contains vitamin B12, vitamin A, riboflavin, folate, and calcium but is low in iron
Meat Rich source of heme iron, zinc, riboflavin, and vitamin B12
EggsVitamin A, B12, Zinc, iron
Vitamin B12 is found only in animal-source foods, explaining the high prevalence of deficiency in most developing countries
Traditional Production – Nutrition Pathway
Storage & Consumption
Labour Inputs Land Rainfall Disease
Post-harvest storage Individual health Quantity Intra-HH allocation
Access to markets Access to finance Quantity Quality
Type Price / Quantity Quality
Production
Sale/Trade Food Purchase
Poultry – Nutrition Pathway
˃ Direct consumption of eggs ˃ Sale of table eggs˃ Rearing of chicks
˃ Sale of live birds˃ Gift of live birds˃ Direct consumption of
slaughtered birds˃ Savings
˃ Who consumes?˃ How much consumed?˃ Who controls income?˃ Mortality rates?˃ Breed being reared?
˃ Market access?˃ Who controls income?˃ Who consumes?˃ Mortality rates?
How is the income used?
Dairy – Nutrition Pathway
˃ Direct consumption of milk Fluid milk (tea/milk) Processed (ghee, cheese, sour/ cultured milk,
yoghurt˃ Sale of fluid milk˃ Sale of processed milk (ghee, cheese, sour/cultured
milk)
˃ Who consumes milk˃ Who controls income?˃ Mortality rates?
• How is the income used?
• Where is milk going?
Small Ruminant – Nutrition Pathway
˃ Savings˃ Sale of offspring˃ Direct consumption of milk˃ Gift/Payment
˃ Mortality rates?˃ Market access?
Need-based sales? Planned sales?
˃ Who controls income?
How is the income used?
Viable herd size?
Approaches vs Outcomes
Storage & Consumption
Sale/Trade
• Social aspects of livestock ownership• Ownership & control of livestock assets• Knowledge of nutrition & hygiene• Competing priorities
• Product transferred to urban consumers• Purchasing power (savings, access)• Control of income• Competing priorities
Production
Food Purchase
Addressing Knowledge Gaps
Whole Farm Economy
Farm resources management
N / R J F M A M J J A S O N DRains X X X XHarvest / Consumption – Grains/Pulses X X X X X X X
Milk X X X X X XHarvest / Consumption - Other X X X X X X X X
Fodder / Forage X X X X X / / X
School Fees XInputs inc. labour X X X X X XFood X X X X XWeddings/Graduations X X XHousehold expenses X X X X X X X X X X X X
Integrated messaging
Improving Approaches
˃Clearly define desired outcomes˃ Appropriate approach requires hardware and software
˃Balance market development with household wellbeing Mitigate for change in resource control Address lack of knowledge Farm resource management vs increased production & sales
˃Address access to rural finance Village savings/lending (peer-based savings) Milk-based payments
˃Value social benefits Improved living standards (from livestock income) Improved social standing (from livestock ownership)
˃Disease related drivers of malnutrition Human hygiene Food hygiene Food safety (mycotoxins)
Three Things to Remember
Whole Farm EconomyTo the farmer, livestock and livestock
products may be more valuable as income or safety net than nutrition .
Importance of PlanningSharing knowledge is not always
enough. Practical tools help a farmer evaluate own resources and plan.
Household Decision MakingEngage decision maker and primary
caretaker with same but also targeted messages.
Questions?