On-farm Research on Aerobic rice Technology Testing and

Dissemination

Prof. B.N. Singh

Center for Research & Development Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh

CRD TRUSTwww.crdgorakhpur.org

14 June 2016UPCAR Luck now Uttar Pradesh

Major Thrust of CRDSN Thrust Areas Research Projects1 Flood prone rice i. On-station evaluation of yield

potential of submergence tolerant varieties

ii. On-farm: Siddharhnagar, Deoria, Gorakhpur, Kushinagar & Maharajganj

2 Drought prone rice i. Drought tolerant rice varieties 3 Climate Resilient

AgricultureI. Aerobic riceii. Zero tillage wheat

Est..: 09 March 2014

Gaunar Usaraha village,Gorkhpur district3 Km from Rampur on Gorakhpur- Kushinagar

Highway, 30 km from Gorakhpur

On-station Research: CRD Farm Gaunar Usaraha

Aerobic rice On-Station Yield trials 2014 Kharif season

Aerobic rice Yield trials 2014 Kharif season

Collaboration with IIRR(DRR) on Aerobic rice2014 Kharif Season

On-farm trial : Village Rampur Gopalpur, Chargawa Block, Gorakhpur 2014 Kharif season

• Rice Hybrid NK 5251 : 6 kg seed acre-1

• Broadcast , mixed with 50 Kg DAP• Spray of Pendimethalin: pre-emergence

weedicide• Spray of Bispyribac Sodium ( Nominee gold) &

as post emergence weedicide• N topdressing : Twice :50 kg Urea• Yield : 5.5 tha-1

On-farm Evaluation 2015 Kharif season

• Village : Rampur Gopalpur Chargawa Block Gorakhpur• Hybrids: PAC 801, PAC 807,Sava 127, PAC 837, Loknath 505, JKRH

401, Suruchi 5401, Arize Prima, Ajay, Raj Laxmi, PA 6444 Gold, KRH 4 & NK 5251

• Variety: Sarjoo 52 ( Check) • Date of Sowing: 29th June 2015; Broadcast followed by Rotavators• Weedicide: Nominee Gold 15-20 DAS• Fertilizer:• Drought : after germination, vegetative & Reproductive• Irrigation: 3• Grain Yield: 5.2 tons ha-1

On- Farm evaluation 2015 Kharif Season

• Selection of suitable hybrid for aerobic rice cultivation• Evaluation in one acre plot• 8 Kg per acre, Spray of Bipyribac Sodium at 20 DAS• Aerobic rice with 13 hybrids & Sarjoo 52 as check• Drought at germination, vegetative & reproductive

stage• Three irrigation at 12-15 days interval• Three hybrids survived till harvest and • PAC 837 yielded maximum of 5.0 tons ha-1

Aerobic rice with hybrid PAC 8372015 Kharif season : Yield 5.5 t/ha

Aerobic rice: PAC 837 best amongst Hybrid2015 Kharif Season

Collaboration with CSISA Gorakhpur Aerobic rice : 2015 Kharif : Yield : 5.5 t/ha

Visit to Rice Field day: October 1, 2015

On-Farm Evaluation :2016 Kharif• 75 acres ( FLD, IIRR Hyderabad: MOA GOI)• 3 Districts • Villages:12 • Kushinagar : (Deurawa Pachad, Khotahi, Sakhwania)• Gorakhpur (Matihinia Janubi, Kandarai,Gaunar

Usaraha, Ghaghasara,Naiyapar Khurd, Ram Khutwa, Bariar, Goplapur,

• Deoria (Akataha Chunihawa tola)

On-farm Research & Seed Productionat Gaunar Usaraha farm : 12 acres

Year On-Station Trials On-Farm trials Seed Production

2014 AICRIP:3 Trials: IVT- aerobic rice,AVT-1(Early), AVT-2 ( Medium)

FLD on aerobic rice, Hybrid rice & Flood prone rice

Swarna-Sub1 (Nucleus seed)Samba Mahsuri–Sub1 ( Nucleus seed)

2015 AICRIP:2 trialsIVT-Aerobic,AVT-2 Aerobic

FLD on aerobic rice, Hybrid rice& Flood prone rice

Ciherang-Sub1 (3 acres)Samba Mahsuri –Sub1 (3 acres)IR 64-Drt1 (1 acre)HD 2967 Breeder seed(IARI) 10 acres

Aerobic Rice ?

• Rice production technology, in which paddy seeds are direct seeded in unpuddled aerobic soils, and crop is grown with higher inputs of fertilizer, weedicides and irrigation to achieve higher yields.• Growing rice like wheat

Plant type and traits for aerobic rice cultivars

i. Drought tolerance: germination, vegetative and reproductive stage

ii. Semi-dwarf or intermediate height hybrids or varietiesiii. Thick & deep root systemiv. Duration: 110- 135 days, depending on rainfall pattern v. Early seedling vigor to compete with weedsvi. Non lodging at higher N levels (100:50:50 Kg NPK)vii. Resistance/ tolerance to diseases like leaf and panicle blast,

brown spot, sheath rot, grain discoloration etc. viii. Yield potential: >5 tha-1

How it differs from Upland rice?

i. Yield Potential: uplands cultivars yield up to 3.0 tha-1

ii. Non responsive to higher Nitrogen above 40 Kg

iii. Intermediate/ taller lodging type plant type

How it differs from direct seeded rice?

• Direct seeding can be upland, rainfed lowland, & Deep water rice as dry direct seeded, but aerobic rice is moist or dry seeded

• Aerobic rice is partially irrigated, while others are rainfed.

• Direct seeding can be done in irrigated puddled condition , but aerobic rice is grown under unpuddled aerobic soils.

Why Aerobic rice ?• Climate change & Climatic variability: Increasing soil

and atmospheric temperature • El Nino in 2002, 2009, 2014 & 2015• Delay in monsoon at seeding & transplanting• Irregular rainfall distribution• Not enough rain for puddling• Reduced rice area due to insufficient rain• Early, mid season , or late drought• New rice production technology for drought

mitigation

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-05

2005-06

2006-07

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12

2012-13

2013-14

41

41.5

42

42.5

43

43.5

44

44.5

45

45.5

46

Rice Area (M ha)

Area

All India Rice Area (2000-01 to 2013-14 )Range : 41.2 – 45.5 M ha

Difference : 4.3 Mha

All India Rice Production (2000-01 to 2013-14 )Range: 71.8 –106.6 MT

Difference: 34.8 MT

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-05

2005-06

2006-07

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12

2012-13

2013-14

71

76

81

86

91

96

101

106

Rice Production (M T)

Production

All India Rice Yield (2000-01 to 2013-14 )Range : 1.7 – 2.4 t ha-1

Difference : 0.7 t ha-1

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-05

2005-06

2006-07

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12

2012-13

2013-14

1.7

1.8

1.9

2

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

RICE YIELD (tons ha-1

RICE YIELD

Rice Area in U.P. (2001-02 to 2013-14 )Range : 52 –60 Lakh haDifference: 8 Lakh ha

2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-1452

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

Area Lakh ha

Area

Rice Production in U.P. (2001-02 to 2013-14 )Range : 96–146 Lakh tonsDifference: 50 Lakh tons

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-05

2005-06

2006-07

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12

2012-13

2013-14

95

105

115

125

135

145

Production

Production

Rice Yield in U.P. (2001-02 to 2013-14 )Range :1.8 – 2.5 tha-1

Difference: 0.7 tha-1

2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-141.8

1.9

2

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

Rice Yield tha-1

Rice Yield

Advantages of aerobic rice

i. Saves water by 30 to 50% for nursery seeding and puddling.

ii. Drudgery reductioniii. Less methane production than irrigated

rice.

Advantages of aerobic rice

iv. Sowing on time.v. More area which remains not

transplanted / seeded due to delayed monsoon, can be bought under paddy cultivation.

vi. Assures food security at household, State and National level.

Major constraints in aerobic rice cultivation

i. Weeds problem in direct seeded rice Lack of appropriate variety/ hybrids.

ii. Seed availability of aerobic rice varietiesiii. Appropriate Integrated Crop Management

( ICM) technology.v. Iron and Zinc deficiencyvi. Yield potentialvii. Limited research

Weeds : Major problemsUse of Pre-emergence & Post emergence

weedicide

Possibility of Aerobic rice cultivation

• All drought prone states of India: 4.3 million ha rice area in states of Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Telengana, & Maharashtra etc

• All rainfed areas where rice can be cultivated with limited water availability & small farm ponds.

• In Uttar Pradesh, at least 9 lakh ha area can be brought immediately.

On-Station Aerobic rice trials2014 Kharif Season

Objective: To select HYV / Hybrids yielding > 5.0 t/haFour Trials : HYV entries selected • Station Trials:

• RYT ( Aerobic)• AICRIP Trials:

• AVT-1 ( Aerobic)• AVT-2 ( Aerobic)• IET ( Aerobic)

On-Station Aerobic rice trials2015 Kharif Season

Objective: To select HYV/ Hybrids > 5.0 t/haFive Trials: Severe drought, and tolerant lines

selected• Station Trials:

• RYT ( Aerobic)• AYT ( Aerobic)• RYT-Hybrids ( Aerobic)

• AICRIP Trials:• AVT-2 ( Aerobic)• IET ( Aerobic)

Seeding Methods

• Three:

i. Broadcasting

ii. Seed cum Fertilizer drill

iii. Zero till seed cum Fertilizer drill

Aerobic rice seeding by Zero till seed cum fertilizer drill: 2015 Kharif

Aerobic rice seeding by seed cum fertilizer drill 2015 Kharif

2016 Kharif• Aerobic rice in 75 acres ( Support from FLD, IIRR Hyderabad )

in 15 villages in Gorakhpur, Deoria and Kushinagar districts.• Hybrids: PAC 837,

Loknath 505, KRH 4

• Varieties :DRR 42 ( IR 64-Drt1) Ciherang-Sub1

Swarna-Sub1 Samba-Sub1DRR 44

2016 Kharif season

Drought : 2015 Kharif

Drought : 2015 Kharif

On-Station TrialCR Dhan 202: Drought Tolerant

IR 64-Drt1 ( 2015 released)

Integrated Crop Management (ICM)for aerobic rice

i. Summer deep ploughing with tractor driven plough or MB plough ( to harvest rainwater for drought mitigation)

ii. Bunding to harvest in-situ rainwater conservationiii. Direct seeding : June 3rd fortnight after first rain in

moist soiliv. Seed rate: 8 Kg ha-1 for hybrids (PAC 837, Loknath

505) & 12 Kg ha-1 for Self pollinated varieties like CR Dhan 202, IR 64-Drt1, Ciherang –Sub1 & others)

Integrated Crop Management (ICM)for aerobic rice

v. Seed Treatment: Bavistin @2 gm per Kg seed

vi. Fertilizer: @120: 60: 60 Kg NPK ha-1

vii. Basal fertilizer: NPK (12: 32: 16)@ 200 kg ha-1

viii. Zinc Sulphate (25Kg ha-1 ) and Iron sulphate (10 Kg ha-1)

Integrated Crop Management (ICM)for aerobic rice

ix. Use of Pre-emergence weedicide (within 2 DAS): Pendimethalin 30 EC / Pretilachlor & 1500 ml ha-1

x. Use of post emergence weedicide: Bispyribac sodium (Nominee Gold) @200 ml & 2-4D / Saathi@200 ml

xi. Topdressing : Urea twice, 3 & 6 WAS 100 Kg each time

Integrated Crop Management (ICM)for aerobic rice

xii. Disease/Insect control: Leaf & Panicle blasts, Brown spot, Grain discoloration & Gudhi bug. Spray Tilt (1 gm per liter) or Bavistin (2 gm per liter) for fungal diseases control.

xiii. Irrigation: 3-5 depending on soil type, during drought/ rainless period for two weeks

ixv. Grain Yield : 5.0 tons ha-1

Conclusions i. Rice Hybrid PAC 837 & Loknath 505

performed better than other hybrids and Sarjoo 52 check in farmers field.

ii. CR Dhan 202 & DRR 42 (IR64-Drt1) has better drought tolerance and yield than other aerobic rice varieties in On-station trial. Its yield potential will be evaluated in next season through On-farm research.

Conclusions ( Contd.) iii. Integrated Crop Management (ICM)

technology for aerobic rice cultivation has been developed and there is need for up scaling.

iv. On-station and on-farm research should be undertaken simultaneously for rapid technology development & dissemination.

Conclusions

V. Sowing by Seed cum fertilizer drill or Zero till machine is better than seeding as broadcasting or by Rotavator.

EXTENSION & COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

SEEING IS BELEIVING : ON-FARM RESEARCH

with ON-STATION SUPPORTPRINT MEDIA, FIELD DAYS

asMASS COMMUNICATION TOOL

for RAPID TECHNOLOGY DISSEMINATION

Thanks For Your Kind Attention