STI Skills Development - Shantha Liyanage

SET FOR GROWTH – SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION

SKILLS DEVELOPMENT

Professor Shantha Liyanage, Business School,

University of Technology, Sydney Australia.

[email protected]

Structure of the Presentation

STI people/human resources Definitions and demarcations?

The process of Innovation - STI skills in the innovation process- research, technology and commercial processes.

Innovation and Skills Skills for innovation types – business, operational and products, service

The Global CEO study of IBM – findings –critical skills.

Obstacles to innovation - HR point of view

Transformative Innovation skills Innovation that connect science, technology, design and arts

Hope, Engagement, Wellbeing and Strength based approach (Gallup)

Gallup Strength based approach- path to success

Engagement of students in Science, technology innovation education Declining world trends – what one can do to make education purposeful and engaging.

Our future skills for transformation

STI Knowledge, Skills and Attitudes - what

are they? • Science

• Technology

• Innovation

• Demystifying what these terms mean (Science, Technology,

Engineering and Mathematics –STEM; STEAM etc).

Terminology - Definitions

Researchers are professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new

knowledge. They conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories,

models, techniques instrumentation, software or operational methods. Frascati

Manual, 2005

Scientists and engineers (S&E) refer to persons who,

working in those capacities, use or create scientific

knowledge and engineering and technological principles,

i.e. persons with scientific or technological training who

are engaged in professional work on science and

technology (S&T) activities, high-level administrators and

personnel who direct the execution of S&T activities.

Who is a researcher and what is HRST?

Human resources in science and technology, abbreviated as

HRST, refers to those persons who fulfil one or the other of the

following conditions:

• successfully completed education at the third level

• not formally qualified as above, but employed in a S&T

occupation where the above qualifications are normally

required.

Researchers are professionals engaged in the conception or creation of

new knowledge. They conduct research and improve or develop concepts,

theories, models, techniques instrumentation, software or operational

methods. (Frascati Manual, OECD, 2005)

Innovation Process and skills– Types

and Levels of Resource Requirement

Research and Technology

Development

Commercialisation- IP, Venture

Formation, Branding, Marketing

Innovation – what is it?

• Scientific, technological and organisational innovation

• Combining scientific and technological knowledge with

business structures

Innovation Types:

• Business model,

• Operational and

• Product/service/markets

Source – Expanding the Innovation Horizon – The Global CEO Study

2006, IBM

Most common Business Model Innovations (percent of respondents)

Source – Expanding the Innovation Horizon – The Global CEO Study 2006, IBM

Benefits cited by business model innovators (percent of respondents)


Most Common Operations Innovations (percent of respondents)


Most Common Operations products/services/markets

innovations (percent of respondents)

Where do the innovative ideas come

from?

• Research –systematic scientific investigations?

• Academia – research led universities?

• Ordinary people - inventors?


Most significant sources of innovative ideas (percent of respondents)

What are the obstacles to Innovation?

• People?

• Legislation?

• Innovation culture?

• Inventive structures?

Most Significant Obstacle to Innovation (Percent of

respondents) External and Internal to Organisation



Transformative Innovation

• What is transformative innovation?

• Innovation that are science driven, design lead, human centred,

ethical and purposeful in socially and economically.

• Include organisational innovation which improve efficiency and

service delivery – combine human ingenuity.

Hope, Engagement, Wellbeing and

Strength

• Gallup Surveys on Hope, Engagement, Wellbeing and

Strength – What the data shows us about setting for

growth.

• Lessons learned from Gallup’s research on success in

education

(Gallup delivers analytics and advice to help leaders and organisations solve

their most pressing problems. Combining more than 80 years of experience

with its global reach, Gallup knows more about the attitudes and behaviours of

employees, customers, students and citizens than any other organisation in the

world).

What is the status of Sri Lanka’s scientific talent

– knowledge, skills and behavioural aspects

• Relatively a small pool of talent

• Dispersed and small learning communities

• Research talent is restricted and confined largely to

Government sector

• Research priorities are not well articulated, hence the “lone

ranger” efforts

Science and Technology Personnel (STP)2004-2006

010,00020,00030,00040,00050,000

2004 2006 2008

STP

Higher Education State Private Total

STP Include all Scientists a Technologists, Technicians, Supporting Staff involve in S&T research, Service and Management activities

Science and Technology Policy Research Division, National Science Foundation, Colombo 7 , Sri Lanka. www.nsf.ac.lk

Source: R&D Survey 2008

Year GDP Per

(Current

price)

Rs. million

GERD

Rs.

Million

(US$)

GERD as

percenta

ge of

GDP

Total

Population

million

GERD Per million population Rs. million

1966 7,529 20 (4.2) 0.30 11.5 1.7

1975 11,100 45(6.4) 0.40 13.5 3.3

1984 142,700 257.0 (9.7) 0.18 15.6 16.5

1993 499,800 649.0(13.1) 0.13* 17.6 36.8

1996 769,900 1,410.0 (23) 0.18 18.3 77.0

2000 1,258,000 1,810.0 (22.9) 0.14* 18.4 98.4

2004 1,800,750 3,807.5 (40.9) 0.21 19.4 196.2

2006 2,939,000 5,119.19

(47.9)

0.17 19.8 258.5

2008 4,410,682 5,047.73

(46.1)

0.11 20.2 249.9

Gross Expenditure in R&D, 2008,

source: National Science Foundation, Sri Lanka, 2008.

0.3

0.4

0.18

0.13

0.18

0.14

0.21

0.17

0.11

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

1966 1975 1984 1993 1996 2000 2004 2006 2008

Exp

en

ditu

re (

Rs. M

illion

)

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

0.45

GE

RD

as P

ercen

tag

e o

f G

DP

GERD

GERD%

GERD as percent of GDP, 2008, source: National Science Foundation, Sri Lanka.

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Soc Sc and Hum Medical Sc Sc and Eng

2014

2015

Undergraduate Outputs

2014 and 2015

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

Hum and SocialSc

Medical Sc Science andEngineering

2014

2015

Postgraduate Outputs

2014 and 2015

Source: Graduate Output statistics, University Grants Commission, Colombo, 2014 and 2015

The scale of Australian HE Outputs (similar

population)

Source: Higher Education and Research, Facts and Figures, Universities Australia, Nov 2015.

Our Schooling

Experiences

What are the key issues for national

innovation system • Strength of STI System

• Progress in selected sectors – biotechnology, nanotech,

information science

• Clever workforce

• Increase Government commitment

• Weakness of STI system

• Duplication and lack of strategic focus in research

• Quality of training and education – low postgraduate outputs

• Underdevelop innovation and commercialisation

• Collaboration in S&T development

• National

• International

Key Messages • STI knowledge and skills need look beyond the supply model

• Cultivate science, technology and innovation at very young ages – quality teachers and increase engagement – connect with real world science

• Build collaborations among scientists and research scientists

• Build a critical mass of professional and focus on the key strengths – link with future industries

• Prepare the work forces to be agile and take up challenges in the 21st century

• Cultivate positive learning and innovative culture with better and effective communication

• Develop human resource capability in research commercialisation and innovation management

• Develop a collaborative culture amongst Government, Industry, University and Community.

Presentations & Public Speaking

STI Skills Development - Shantha Liyanage