Presented by:

Jennifer Hill

Jedediah Hinkley

Hyun Namkoong

Deshira Wallace

MILITARY SEXUAL TRAUMA

1. Report ing

2. Whistleblower Protection Act

3. Universal Screening Policy

4. Media Advocacy Strategies

5. Social Marketing Strategies

6. All ies & Opponents

7. Timeline

8. Next Steps

MILITARY

SEXUAL

TRAUMA

(Liveyourdream.org)

EXTENT OF THE PROBLEM

1.26,000 estimated sexual assaults in 2012

2.Sexual assault is an incident,

not a diagnosis

3.Negative health outcomes

PROBLEM POLICY ADVOCACY MARKETING BIG PICTURE

(Liveyourdream.org)

("Department of Defense," 2013)

1,000 sexual

assaults 1,000 combat

wounds

Total: 34,000 sexual assaults in

2006 alone

Total: 32,000 combat wounds

from entire Iraq War

PROBLEM POLICY ADVOCACY MARKETING BIG PICTURE

(Platt & Allard, 2011)

Num

ber

of S

erv

ice M

em

bers

(S

M)

1,3

99,6

22 Male

SM

1,1

95,3

13 (

85

%)

Fe

ma

le S

M

204

,30

9 (

15

%)

~94,804

(Prevalence)

M: 4% reported SA

since enlistment

F: 23% reported SA

since enlistment

~26,000

(Incidence)

F: 27% reported

SA in 2012 (6.1%

of total SM)

M: 30% reported

SA in 2012 (1.2%

of total SM)

Estimated MST (2012)

(Defense Manpower Data Center, 2012; U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, 2013)

WHERE DO REPORTS GO?

26,000 Estimated Incidents

3,374 Reported Sexual Assaults (13%)

2,558 Unrestricted

Reporting (76%)816 Restricted

Reporting (24%)

238 Convictions

(0.9%)

(Department of Defense, 2013)

TOP TWO REASONS FOR NOT REPORTING

PROBLEM POLICY ADVOCACY MARKETING BIG PICTURE

Fear of retaliation or reprisal

Discomfort using chain of command

54% of women and 27% of men did not report

because they feared retaliation or punishment

47% of women and 20% of men did not report

because they had heard other victims had a

negative experience

60% of women and 36% of men did not report

because they believed it would not be

kept confidential

(Ramming, 2002; USCCR, 2013; Pershing, 2003 )

Introduced by Senator Mark

Warner

Referred to Senate Armed

Services Committee (ASC)

in May 2013

Currently delayed in ASC

MILITARY WHISTLEBLOWER PROTECTION

ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 2013 (S. 1081)

PROBLEM POLICY ADVOCACY MARKETING BIG PICTURE

(Congress.gov, 2013 )

WHISTLEBLOWER PROTECTION

What it misses…Right for whistleblowers to challenge illegal

retaliation at an administrative due process

hearing

Why this is a problem…DoD Office of Inspector General will continue to

be the only fact-finder to enforce victim rights

(Blaylock, 2013; Government Accountability Office, 2012 )

Military Whistleblower Reprisal Protection Act

currently exists, which specifically makes retaliation

illegal

However…

60% of women who

reported unwanted sexual

contact believed they experience

some sort of reprisal or retaliation

WHY THE WHISTLEBLOWER BILL IS IMPORTANT

(USCCR, 2013)

UNIVERSAL SCREENING POLICY

• Integrated as part of the annual

Periodic Health Assessment

given to all active duty and select

reserve members of the U.S.

Armed Forces

• Purpose: Identify and connect

survivors of sexual assault to

health services

(NIAAA)

PROBLEM POLICY ADVOCACY MARKETING BIG PICTURE

Behavioral Beliefs

about Reporting

Evaluations of

Reporting

Normative Beliefs

of Military to

Encourage Reporting

Motivation to Comply

with

Reporting Options

Attitude towards

Reporting

Subjective Norm

(approval of reporting)

in the Armed Forces

Intent to Report Reporting MST

Perceived

Control in Reporting

MST

Perceived Power

in Reporting

THEORY TO INFORM POLICIES

(Montano & Kasprzyk, 2008)

Construct How to AddressT

heo

ry o

f P

lan

ned

Beh

avio

rBehavioral Beliefs about Reporting Belief that the universal screening policy and whistleblower protections

engender positive or negative experiences, determined both at pretest before

implementation and then at posttest during evaluation

Evaluations of Reporting Evaluation of universal screening policy and whistleblower policy will occur

annually for first 5 years, then biennially thereafter

Normative Beliefs of Military to

Encourage Reporting

Creating materials demonstrating that each referent (i.e., military leaders,

unit, family) encourage reporting

Motivation to Comply with

Reporting Options

USP will encourage all persons to comply with reporting at periodic health

assessments; Whistleblower will encourage more “Unrestricted reporting”

use

Perceived Power in Reporting USP will provide a pathway to convenient reporting; Whistleblower will

provide more perceived power for the victim to pursue investigations into

their assault

Attitude toward Reporting Encourage MST victims to report by conveying that reporting is in line with

the values of the military and that MST will not be tolerated

Subjective Norm in the Military Whether Armed Forces approve or disapprove of reporting behaviors

Perceived Control in Reporting

MST

Educating active duty members to know where to report, how to report, and

what happens after reporting

EXAMPLES OF PRIOR POLICY IMPLEMENTATION

Whistleblower Protection Act

Veteran Health Administration Universal Screening

Policy

(AP)

Reducing public health burden

Assist in securing benefits for

veterans

VHA universal screening policy shown to be

successful

POTENTIAL EFFECTIVENESS OF PROPOSED

SOLUTIONS

(Kimerling et al, 2011)

2013 Nov DecJan2014

Feb Mar Apr May 2014

Today

Consortium in Washington, DC

4/28/2014

Send out press release

3/31/2014

Meet with DoD/VHA on Screening

3/17/2014

Town halls

3/16/2014

Release radio segments

2/14/2014

Final products to

press

2/4/2014

Contact Congress members

1/13/2014

Contact DoDleadership

1/9/2014

Schedule March 16-21 town halls

12/16/2013

Create campaign/slogan

prototype

12/9/2013

Set up FaceBook page

11/25/2013

PROBLEM POLICY ADVOCACY MARKETING BIG PICTURE

SIMPLIFIED MEDIA ADVOCACY TIMELINE

DC Consortium

Meeting Congress persons and Staff members

Town hall meetings

Op-Eds/Press Releases

MEDIA ADVOCACY STRATEGIES

MAKING IT NEWSWORTHY

Anniversary/Seasonal Peg: Sexual Assault Awareness Month

Injustice: Military personnel are the only U.S. citizens without these protections

Irony: “The people who protect us are not being protected”

Celebrity: Ms. Veteran America

FRAMING

Responsibility

Equality

Gain

KEY MESSAGES

Screening and reporting both identify and connect

victims of sexual assault to health care services

Letting sexual assault run unchecked in the ranks is

damaging to unity, disciple, and cohesion

MODELS FOR MEDIA ADVOCACY STRATEGIES

Task-Oriented

• Authentic voice press-releases, multimedia videos for implementing USP

• Clarify definition of sexual assault

Diverse Actors

• Advocacy organizations

• Survivors

• Health organizations

Responsibility and Equality

• USP framed with these lenses

Consensus Building

• Utility of USP

• Need for clarifying definition of sexual assault

Pre-Contemplation

• Preliminary press releases & Op-eds

Contemplation

• Legislators meet with advocates, town hall meetings

• Call senators

Preparation

• Prepare bill

• Garner support for bill

Action

• Bring bill to floor

• Pass it

Maintenance

• Enforce law

• Diffusion of innovations process

Tra

nsth

eore

ticalM

odel

Socia

l Action M

odel

(Prochaska, Redding & Evers, 2008; Minkler, Wallerstein & Wilson, 2008)

1) “Know your rights”

2) Understand Changes to USP

Strategies include educating Service

members of reporting options and

reducing perceived barriers to

reporting

SOCIAL MARKETING STRATEGIES

PROBLEM POLICY ADVOCACY MARKETING BIG PICTURE

Before the policy changes

pass

Marketing for after the policies

pass

TARGET AUDIENCE

1) Use of Services2) Increase Reporting Behavior

Primary Audience: Victims

Increase Awareness of

Services

Secondary Audience: Active

Duty Service Members

THEORY TO INFORM SOCIAL MARKETING

BehaviorIncrease

reporting

behavior

Cues to

ActionSocial

marketing

materials

External

Variables

PERCEIVED

THREAT

Perceived BarriersPunishment, lack of safe

way to report, shame,

confidentiality,

embarrassment,

retaliation, discharged

from military

Perceived BenefitsHealth care, safer military

environment, benefits for

PTSD, more likely to get

VA benefits

Perceived

Susceptibility +

Perceived Severity

Self-EfficacyMajor focus of

campaign

materials

Net

benefits

(Champion & Skinner, 2008)

DELIVERY CHANNELS

Safe Helpline YouTube DoD SAPRO

Fort Bragg SHARP

Military Academies

Sexual assault is a crime punishable by the Uniform Code of Military Justice

If anyone has ever had unwanted and inappropriate sexual contact with you when you said no, when you were unable to say no, when you told the person to stop, when the person threatened violence, when the person used their authority over you…

Reporting sexual assault will get you the help you need. It can also help make sure this crime doesn’t happen to someone else .

Go to SafeHelpline.org for confidential support with trained staff through online chat. If you cannot access the internet, the phone number is the same inside the U.S. or via the Defense Switched Network (DSN): 877-995-5247

DSN users can dial US toll -free numbers by simply dialing 94 + the 10-digit toll-free number.

For those unable to call toll -free or DSN, call 202-540-5962

CAMPAIGN MATERIALS

Go to SafeHelpline.org or call 877-995-5247

Go to SafeHelpline.org or call 877-995-5247

Behavioral Beliefs

about Reporting

Evaluations of

Reporting

Normative Beliefs

of Military to

Encourage Reporting

Motivation to Comply

with

Reporting Options

Attitude towards

Reporting

Subjective Norm

(approval or reporting)

in the Armed Forces

Intent to Report Reporting MST

Perceived

Control in Reporting

MST

Perceived Power

in Reporting

Cue to Action

to Reporting

Perceived Benefit

to Reporting

Perceived Severity

to Reporting

Perceived Barriers

to Reporting

BRINGING IT ALL TOGETHER

Joint Chiefs of Staff

Gen. Martin Dempsey

Current Military Personnel

Armed Service Committee

Sen. Carl Levin (D-MI)

Opponents

DoD SAPRO

Congress members (not on

ASC)

Sexual Assault Victims

Spouses of Victims

Former Military Officers

Whistleblowers

IPV Advocacy Groups

SWAN

Allies

ALLIES & OPPONENTS

2013 Nov DecJan2014

Feb Mar Apr May 2014

Today

Consortium in Washington, DC

Apr 28

Begin radio segments

Apr 9

Run op-edsApr 4

Send out press release

Mar 31

Release radio segments

Feb 14

Final products to press

Feb 4

Contact Congress members

Jan 13

Contact DoDleadership

Jan 9

Test campaign prototypes

Jan 6

Schedule March 16-21 town halls

Dec 16

Create campaign/slogan

prototype

Dec 9

Set up FaceBook page

Nov 25

Nov 25 Dec 30Create website

Nov 25 Mar 31Recruit spokesperson & advocate

Dec 2 Jan 31Write op-eds

Jan 2 May 31Organize attendance to summer town halls

Set up meetings ASC/sympathetic Congresspersons

Jan 13 Mar 1

Post mediaMar 1 Mar 10

Create Consortium agenda & press releaseMar 3 Mar 15

Create signs for Rally

Mar 5 Mar 17

Finalize Consortium agenda & speaking points

Apr 1 Apr 18

Tim

elin

e

SEXUAL ASSAULT CLIP

“[It is] not good enough to compare [the military] to the rest

of society…We must hold [the military] to a higher standard,

and that’s what the American people demand.”

– Pentagon spokesman George Little (2013)

“We get it…We know that the larger issue is a cultural

problem, which has allowed demeaning behavior and

attitudes towards women to exist…”

– Acting Navy Secretary Sean O’Keefe (1991)

“…culture change is essential for the Military Services to

improve how they prevent and address sexual assault.”

– Defense Task Force (2009)

“…ban on women created a two-tiered military culture that

fostered tolerance of sexual harassment and sexual assault”

– Gen. Martin Dempsey Joint Chiefs of Staff, Chairman

(2012)

“Creating a culture free of the scourge of sexual assault

requires establishing an environment where dignity and

respect is afforded to all, and where diversity is celebrated

as one of our greatest assets as a force.” – Chuck Hagel,

Secretary of Defense (2013)

“Ending sexual assault in military isn’t just a women’s issue.

This is about justice and ensuring men and women get

support they need.” – Sen. Kelly Ayotte (R-NH) (2013)

Thank you

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Champion, V. , & Sk inner, C. (2008). The heal th be l ief model . In K. Glanz, B. Rimer & K. Viswanath (Eds.) , Heal th

behavior and heal th educat ion: Theory, research, and pract ice (4 ed. , pp. 45-65). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

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