Upload
fmdh
View
182
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Right to Education Challenges in the
Asia-Pacific Region
Rene RayaASPBAE
World Human Rights ForumMarrakech, Morocco
27-30 November 2014
The Asia-Pacific Region
JordanAfghanistan
Oman
Malaysia
Mongolia
Myanmar
Maldives
Sri Lanka
Lebanon
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Philippines
Japan
Qatar
IsraelIraq
India
Indonesia
Georgia
CyprusChina
Bhutan
Bahrain
Bangladesh
United Arab Emirates
Kazakhstan
Nepal
Timor-Leste
Syrian Arab RepublicRepublic of Korea
Occupied Palestinian Territory
Macao SAR of ChinaLao People`s Democratic Republic
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Hong Kong SAR of China
Democratic People's Republic of Korea
Brunei Darussalam
Pakistan
Armenia
Viet Nam
Cambodia
Yemen
Uzbekistan
Turkey TurkmenistanTajikistan
Thailand
Singapore
Saudi Arabia
Azerbaijan
Most populous region in the world
Fastest growing economic region
Yet, the Region faces serious challenges in Education
Asia-Pacific hosts the biggest number of adult illiterates 64% of global total Over half in South Asia
Key Education Challenges
17.8 million out of school children in the Region 31% of global total
Over 100 million youth, 15-24 years old have not completed primary education
Asia-Pacific 60% of Global Total)
Key Education Challenges
Global Total 200 million
Gender Disparity remains large
2/3 of Adult Illiterates are women
More girls out of school than boys
Asia Pacific
Public Expenditure on Education as Percent (%) of GNP
UNESCO Global Monitoring Report (2013)
Nepal
OECD
Most Countries in Asia-Pacific have constitutional and legal provisions on Free and Compulsory Education.
Most are signatories to ESCR, CRC, CEDAW, and EFA
Adherence to the Right to Education
YES in formalities , BUT hardly so in actual practice!
Growth in Private School Enrolments
Promoted & marketed aggressively Using branding, endorsement, social media False claims on affordability and world class status
In Recent year…Stronger Push towards Privatisation
Create added barrier for the poor to pursue schooling
Expansion of Private Tutoring; persisting User Fees in most Asian countries
The Emerging Corporate Chain Schools
The rise of Low Fee Private Schools Particularly in India and other South Asian countries
Growth in Private School Enrolments…
Pakistan 34.1%
India ~ 30%
Nepal 20%
Philippines 20%(Secondary)
Indonesia 41% Secondary)
In NepalClosure and merger of public schools resulted to children dropping out of school
In CambodiaPrivate Tutoring has become so widespread that affects learning of poor students who cannot afford
In India, other South Asian countriesGirls less likely to be enrolled in Private Schools, thus, further widening gender disparity gap
Rights Issues linked to Privatisation
In Private Schools around AsiaTeachers are paid extremely low salaries, without Benefits and No Security. Salaries go as low as:
1/8 of Government Teachers (India)1/3 for Pakistan1/2 for Philippines
Rights Issues linked to Privatisation
These are some cases of Infringement of the Right to Education that impact most especially
on Children, Women and on Teachers.
Implications of Privatisation on the Right to Education
• Children & youth denied access to quality education• Leads to segregation based on Ability, Socio-
Economic Status and Ethnicity Exacerbates inequality
• Widens gender disparity, putting girls at a disadvantage
• Weakens/undermines the public education system,