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Equity in Bike Share: Practical Methods for Addressing Equity and Measuring Outcomes Bike share systems across the country have experienced enormous success in ridership and popularity, but riders are not always representative of the local population. This panel focuses on how to design, administer, communicate about, and evaluate programs to reach people most in need of this healthy, affordable travel option. Presenters: Presenter: Morgan Whitcomb Sam Schwartz Engineering Co-Presenter: Melissa Ballate Blue Daring Co-Presenter: Andrew Duvall University of Colorado Denver Co-Presenter: Nicole Freedman City of Boston
Citation preview
Denver B-cycle: Evaluative Research of the Potential for Use Among Low-Income Populations
Andrew Duvall, Ph.D. Research Assistant Professor
University of Colorado Denver
Equity in Bike Share: Practical Methods for Addressing Equity and Measuring Outcomes Pro Walk Pro Bike Pro Place • Pittsburg, PA • September 2014
In Brief: Denver B-cycle
• Launched April 2010 with 500 bikes at 50 stations
• Currently 700 bikes at 84 stations
• Average 1,500 to 2,200 trips per day (2014)
• 51k short term users, 4k annual members (2013)
Source: Denver B-cycle
Recent History of Transportation Bicycling in Denver
0.4% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.6% 0.5% 0.6% 0.6%
1.4%
1.8% 1.6% 1.6%
1.8%
2.2% 2.4%
2.9%
0.0%
0.5%
1.0%
1.5%
2.0%
2.5%
3.0%
3.5%
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Bicycle Commuter Mode Share U.S. Census American Community Survey (ASC)
U.S. Denver
Source: U.S. Census ASC 2005-2012
Denver B-cycle begins operation
Source: Duvall 2012
Research Purpose: How and Why
• Continuation of dissertation research
– Identified demographic disparities
– Enabled car use replacement by active trans
– Revealed as self-motivated “stealth” intervention
• Presenting sponsor Kaiser Permanente
– Fits within KP preventive health lifestyle approach
– Desired evaluation of health, social impacts
– Methods to reduce disparities, increase uptake
Evaluative Research Surveys
• Survey of Annual Members
– Non-random, approx. 20% of total annual members
– Conducted online
• Survey of five low and mixed-income neighborhoods in Denver B-cycle service area
– Randomly selected, 502 responses
– Conducted face-to-face
Demographic Characteristics
32.9%
25.5%
42.2%
51.8% 51.1%
14.2%
7.5% 7.4%
44.6% 41.4%
non-Caucasian Hispanic <$35k household
income
female at risk BMI (≥25)
2013 Neighborhood Survey Respondents
2013 Denver B-cycle Annual Members
Source: Duvall 2014
Source: Duvall 2014
Transportation Characteristics
71.4% 80.4%
59.2%
85.7% 94.2%
82.8%
62.6%
93.1%
own a car own a bike Interested but Concerned
want to bike more
2013 Neighborhood Survey Respondents
2013 Denver B-cycle Annual Members
Source: Duvall 2014
Low-income Neighborhoods: Key Barriers to Use
• Poor perception of street safety – 64.4% think cars are safer than bikes
• Lack of knowledge of system – 59.8% would try if they knew more of how it worked
• Lack of credit cards and bank accounts – 25.1% have no credit card, 23.2% no bank account – 16.5% have neither
• Poor perception of cost of membership – 66.8% would try if cost were lower – Wary of $80 annual price, open to ~$10 monthly
Source: Duvall 2014
Source: Denver B-cycle
Source: Duvall 2014
Low-income Neighborhoods: Key Facilitators to Use
• Fewer existing transportation options – 28.6% don’t own a car; open to alternatives
• Expense of other modes makes bikes attractive – 48.5% report transport costs are big part of budget
• Bikes offer greater convenience – 92.6% view greater speed of bikes as reason to choose
over walking
• Rising social acceptance of transport bicycling – 91.0% say they see people like themselves biking – Many young adults are less entrenched in car culture
Source: Duvall 2014
Source: Duvall 2014
Research Informs Near-term Strategies
• Reducing economic threshold
– Denver Housing Authority alternative to collateral
– Low-income monthly installment memberships
• Broader participation
– Partnership with municipal, community, transit, business, & bicycle advocacy organizations
– Collocation at public and low-income properties
– Denver Health supportive programs
Source: Duvall 2014
Research Informs Long-term Strategies
• Economic empowerment – Bank account, credit establishment programs
• If you support it, they will use it – Integrate active transportation into codes,
policies, practices, and infrastructure
• Innovate recruitment through public health – Medical prescriptive memberships (kudos to
Boston)
– Social engagement (“stealth” health intervention)
Questions?