Upload
autonoma-conference
View
82
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
5KM
CONTINENTAL ISLANDS: CEUTA AND GIBRALTAR A typological research into transactional and partially autonomous territories
AUTONOMAAthens, Greece 2016
Dalia MunenzonMIT, SMArchS Urbanism
This paper explores the way geopolitics, geographical notions, territory and economic flows synthesize into spatial form.
Hypothesis
Remote Exclaves:Spaces of cultural and economic cross boundary flows with a component
of militarization are an urban typology of Operational Landscapes - Continental Islands.
The purpose of this paper is to propose a future scenario that will suggest a CI potential fulfillment and to identify an urban morphology
for Continental Islands.
Chapters:
1. Introduction
2. What are Continental Islands Definition. How is it operational? What makes it a unique spatial typology?
3. Study of Ceuta and Gibraltar as CIs Why Ceuta and Gibraltar are Continental Islands?
How did it shaped their urban form? What is the status of their autonomy?
4. New geographic imaginaries and a future Scenario What is the mainland for the CI?
5. Ceuta - Urban morphology 6. Conclusion
Introduction1
“CONTINENTAL ISLANDS are accidental, derived islands. They are separated from a continent, born of
disarticulation, erosion, fracture;they survive the absorption of what once contained them.”
(Deleuze, 2004 – Desert Islands p.9)
2_Continantal islands
ContinentalIslands (CIs)
2
THE CI TYPOLOGY
GEOGRAPHY AND GEOPOLITICS:
DISCONNECTION AND REMOTENESS
CULTURALBORDERLESS HYBRID
ECONOMICTRANSPORTATION AND TRANSITION
ECONOMIC REGULATIONSSHORTER PROCESS
MILITARY STRATEGIC INFRASTRUCTURE
2_Continantal islands
Territory and Space
2_Continantal islands
CI asOperational Landscape
The planetary urbanization theory frames all existing landscape as urbanized and divided to Clusters of
agglomeration without territorial boundaries and The boundaryless infrastructural and operational field
that serves the agglomeration’s capitalist growth .
“Just as importantly, the urban age concept fails to illuminate the wide ranging operations and impacts of urbanization processes beyond the
large centers of agglomeration, including in zones of resource extraction, agro-industrial enclosure,
logistics and communications infrastructure, tourism and waste disposal, which often traverse
peripheral, remote and apparently “rural” or “natural” locations. “
(Brenner, 2014 - implosions / explosions p.20)
Ceuta and Gibraltar
3
CEUTA - Spanish since 1669 |Morocco – Protectorate abolished 1956
Size 18.5km2
Population 85,000Population growth 0.6% | Spain -0.2%GDP Growth -1.2% annual change(Spain
2013)
GIBRALTAR - UK last battalion left 1991
Size 7km2Population 30,000
Population growth 0.3%GDP Growth 7.8% annual change(2012)
GDP sector: Agriculture 0%, Industry 0%,Services 100% (2008 est.)
Density 4,328/km2
3_Ceuta and Gibraltar
Ceuta and Gibraltar both have claims for their territory from neighboring nations, Limited connections to the mainland and internal discussions of sovereignty.The civic marginality is a result of this partial autonomy and the possible association to a greater geopolitical power - the EU.
Both are not spaces of agglomeration and consumption Their main economies based on transport of goods, capital and people, they are infrastructures for transactions and serve greater “consumers
CEUTA view west from Monte Hacho GIBRALTAR view west from the Moorish castle
3_Ceuta and Gibraltar
Strategic location and extensive military infrastructure
GIBRALTAR - UK last battalion left 1991
Size 7km2Population 30,000
Population growth 0.3%
GDP Growth 7.8% annual change(2012)GDP sector: Agriculture 0%, Industry 0%,
Services 100% (2008 est.)
25% of GDP - Online gaming industry
Density 4,328/km2
3_Ceuta and Gibraltar
”.
3_Ceuta and Gibraltar
Gibraltar - The Spanish opposed the attempt for independence and claimed it was against the Treaty, this resulted with a referendum in 1967 in which the Gibraltarian voted to stay in the UK. As a result Spain closed the land border with Gibraltar and disconnected the communication lines, a siege that continued for fifteen years.
Source:http://www.flickr.com/photos/71144572@N00/437334679/
3_Ceuta and Gibraltar
Gibraltar - Its condition of partial autonomy debated in 2002 by Spain and the UK on the sovereignty of the territory.
GIBRALTAR
Gibraltar: British or Spanish?Book by Peter Gold, 2005
1921-2016
1704Utrect Treaty
British Rule
1941- 1951WW2 evacuation
1969-1985Referendum
Closed border
1985Land
reclaminationby
Foreigninvestment
1921
1988-1992New Lucrativedevelopment
1985
OldTown
2000Reuse of
WW2 tunnels or Data Center
2006Establishingconstitution
3_ Gibraltar Urban Analysis Gibraltar Urban Analysis
Gibraltar, View to La Línea de la Concepción
3_Ceuta and Gibraltar
Gibraltar - The local economy take advantage of the geopolitical situation, on the one hand easy access to European and British markets and on the other hand short and easy bureaucratic processes resulting the size and governmental structure.
CEUTA - Spanish since 1669 |Morocco – Protectoral abolished 1956
Size 18.5km2
Population 84,963Population growth 0.6% | Spain -0.2%GDP Growth -1.2% annual change(Spain
2013)
3_Ceuta and Gibraltar
Urban Analysis Ceuta
Source: Moritz Siebert https://www.flickr.com/photos/su_mo/145614915/in/album-72057594134561901/
3_Ceuta and Gibraltar
Ceuta - In 1995 in order to prevent migrants from crossing into the city and the EU, the government erected six-meter high double fences.
CEUTA IS
0.14%OF SPANISH GDP
2014
SPAIN UNEMPLOYMENT20.9% (2015-2016)
4.58% construction2% industry
POPULATION
84,963
41.05%UNDER 30
21.02%UNDER 15
0.3% 3,7484.43%
5.94%
Heighest % of unemploymentin whole of spain
30.43%UNEMPLOYMENT
2015
67.71%MAN OF
UNEMPLOYED
LOCAL GDP
90.06%SERVICES
50.34%PUBLIC
SERVICES
SPAIN PUBLIC SERVICE17.13%
5.03% Industry
4.73% Construction
0.18% Primary
REGISTEREDCOMPANIES
88%SERVICES
52.49%NO EMPLOYEES
40.01%UNDER 5
EMPLOYEES
41%HOUSEHOLD WORK
EMPLOYERS OF DOMESTIC STAFF
20% TRADE, HOTELS, RESTAURANTS,
TRANSPORT,STORAGE COMPANIES
CEUTA:
ECONOMIC DATA
3_Ceuta and Gibraltar
Ceuta is a governmental and military post that serves itself and have not utilize the cross boundary position as part of its ‘official’ economy.It fails to fulfill its CI and operational landscape potential.
3_Ceuta and Gibraltar Ceuta Urban Analysis
Public housing construction resumed
2,011
Spain canceled mandatory m
ilitary service 2,001
Autonomic city status
1,995 Construction of Schengen borders
1,99115,000 M
oroccan obtained Spanish nationality 1,986
Spanish constitution - public housing 1,978
Population of 50,000 residents 1,930
Population of 13,000 residents 1,900
Moroccans allowed to reside in the city
1,868 Cam
ps outside the walls 1,860
Ceded to Spain 1,668
End of Muslim
rule 1,415
Islamic conquest of Iberia
711 Ceuta first settled
-500BC
3_Ceuta and Gibraltar Ceuta Urban Analysis
Public housing construction resumed
2,011
Spain canceled mandatory m
ilitary service 2,001
Autonomic city status
1,995 Construction of Schengen borders
1,99115,000 M
oroccan obtained Spanish nationality 1,986
Spanish constitution - public housing 1,978
Population of 50,000 residents 1,930
Population of 13,000 residents 1,900
Moroccans allowed to reside in the city
1,868 Cam
ps outside the walls 1,860
Ceded to Spain 1,668
End of Muslim
rule 1,415
Islamic conquest of Iberia
711 Ceuta first settled
-500BC
3_Ceuta and Gibraltar Ceuta Urban Analysis
Public housing construction resumed
2,011
Spain canceled mandatory m
ilitary service 2,001
Autonomic city status
1,995 Construction of Schengen borders
1,99115,000 M
oroccan obtained Spanish nationality 1,986
Spanish constitution - public housing 1,978
Population of 50,000 residents 1,930
Population of 13,000 residents 1,900
Moroccans allowed to reside in the city
1,868 Cam
ps outside the walls 1,860
Ceded to Spain 1,668
End of Muslim
rule 1,415
Islamic conquest of Iberia
711 Ceuta first settled
-500BC
3_Ceuta and Gibraltar Ceuta Urban Analysis
Public housing construction resumed
2,011
Spain canceled mandatory m
ilitary service 2,001
Autonomic city status
1,995 Construction of Schengen borders
1,99115,000 M
oroccan obtained Spanish nationality 1,986
Spanish constitution - public housing 1,978
Population of 50,000 residents 1,930
Population of 13,000 residents 1,900
Moroccans allowed to reside in the city
1,868 Cam
ps outside the walls 1,860
Ceded to Spain 1,668
End of Muslim
rule 1,415
Islamic conquest of Iberia
711 Ceuta first settled
-500BC
MILITARY
DENSE URBAN BLOCKS19-18TH CENTURY100MX50M
UNPLANNED SETTLEMENTSEXTREME TOPOGRAPHY LOW RISE
DEVELOPMENT PROJECTDISCONNECTED20TH CENTURY PUBLIC HOUSING
COMPOUNDONE UNIT 15MX12M4 STORIES HIGH
SMALL URBAN BLOCKS20TH CENTURY50MX25M
75m
150m
50m
35m
65m
85m
100m
60m
24m
52m
40m
20m
154m74m
280m
45m25m
60m
20m
20m
20m
20m
16m16m
UNCONTROLLEDCOMPOUND
AM CB D
3_Ceuta and GibraltarCeuta Urban AnalysisThe morphology of the city is mostly forms of encampments: The permanent military infrastructure and public housing vs. the temporary encampments Of the vernacular neighborhoods.
URBAN MORPHOLOGY
MILITARY VERNACULAROLD CITY GRIDPUBLIC HOUSING COMPLEX VERNACULAR GRID
DENSE URBAN BLOCKS19-18TH CENTURY100MX50M
UNPLANNED SETTLEMENTSEXTREME TOPOGRAPHY LOW RISE
DEVELOPMENT PROJECTDISCONNECTED20TH CENTURY PUBLIC HOUSING
COMPOUNDONE UNIT 15MX12M4 STORIES HIGH
SMALL URBAN BLOCKS20TH CENTURY50MX25M
75m
150m
50m
35m
65m
85m
100m
60m
24m
52m
40m
20m
154m74m
280m
45m25m
60m
20m
20m
20m
20m
16m16m
UNCONTROLLEDCOMPOUND
AM CB D
URBAN MORPHOLOGY
3_Ceuta and GibraltarCeuta Urban AnalysisThe morphology of the city is mostly forms of encampments: The permanent military infrastructure and public housing vs. the temporary encampments Of the vernacular neighborhoods.
El Principe neigborhood
Source: Bernardo Perezhttp://elpais.com/elpais/2014/10/30/inenglish/1414682950_772016.html
3_Ceuta and Gibraltar
Ceuta - Occasionally Morocco raises sovereignty claims and the Ceuties who have the veto pow-er for any governance change - are not likely to vote against Spain. Since the end of the Spanish protectorate, these nations still have interdependent relations on various levels of service, infrastructure and military assistance.
CEUTA
King and Queen of Spain visit Ceuta and Melilla 2007 (El Pais Magazine)
Europe or Africa? : A Contemporary Study of the Spanish North African Enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla. Book By Peter Gold, 2001
3_Ceuta and Gibraltar
Ceuta and Gibraltar as margins of the EU.
3_Ceuta and Gibraltar
Contemporary geopolitical controversies of opportunism and sovereignty
GIBRALTAR
Self Determination for Gibraltar Group warns against Brexit
http://www.gibraltarolivepress.com/2016/04/self-determination-for-gibral-tar-group-warns-against-brexit/
CEUTA
The Russian submarine ‘Novorossiysk’ - port of Ceuta in August 2015
Ceuta: an unofficial Russian naval ‘base’ in the Strait of Gibraltar? (El Pais Magazine)
http://elpais.com/elpais/2016/03/28/inenglish/1459157481_130448.html
New geographic imaginaries and a Future Scenario
4
4_Future Scenario
Baudrillard defines the “Hyperreal” as the replication of the territory without its context, a new reality that endures while the ephemeral present fades into thin air.
Blue Marble. 1972By NASA
Source: http://photography.nationalgeographic.com/wallpaper/photography/photos/mile-stones-space-photography/earth-full-view/
4_Future Scenario
Europe form a policy for relations with neighboring nations. Euro- Mediterranean partnership
4_Future Scenario
EU’s relation to it’s margines can be charecterized as “cohesion and fracture”.*
Revisiting Al-Idrissi: The Eu and the (Euro)Mediterranean Archipelago FrontierXavier Ferrer-Gallardo and Olivier Thomas Kramsch
FRACTURE AND COHESION
BORDER FRONTIER
4_Future Scenario
The Mediterranean as a frontier.
Revisiting Al-Idrissi: The Eu and the (Euro)Mediterranean Archipelago FrontierXavier Ferrer-Gallardo and Olivier Thomas Kramsch
Tabula Rogerina, 1154 By Al-Idrisi
Source: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Idrissi#/media/File:TabulaRogeriana.jpg
N
MEDITERRANEAN
4_Future Scenario
This alternative map as an imaginary tool blurs the territory of the sea as a clear border-line and emphasizes the connected nods of collective overlap.
Fadaiat, 2004 By HAckitectura and Indymedia Estrecho.
Source: http://www.hackitectura.net/osfavelados/txts/2009_08_cartography/ima-genes/06_2004_cartografia_caraa.jpg
4_Future Scenario
Civil, social and artistic projects are creating new imaginaries for the borderscape of the Mediterranean. *
Addressing Euro-Mediterranean Border Imaginations from a Project-Based PerspectiveAlice Buoli
Solid sea - ghost shipMultiplicity , Armin Linke 2003
Source: http://territorialagency.com/projects/anthropocene-observatory/
4_Future Scenario
The projects described address frontier territories and as testing grounds for new and complex “Eu-ro-Mediterranean spaces”. These projects have the potential to evolve into operational initiatives. In addition to the potential of reimagining the border space through documentation, representation and civic actions, this frontier approach can lead to development of a new geopolitical scenario.
Desertmed organisation and project, 2008 - 2013
Source: http://desertmed.org/#/island/48
Mediterranean Bathymetry
Source: http://www.dev.bowdenweb.com/maps/i/ibcm-bathymetry-shaded/
4_Future Scenario
ARCHIPELAGO FRONTIER
This imagination will undermine the adoption of the Mediterranean by the EU and its contradictory pol-icies. In this frontier of transition, dissolution and transformation - the fracturing forces weaken and allow the cohesive flows to permeate from both directions in equal participation.
The combination of policy shifting civic actions and a new geographic perception can lead to a new nexus of collaboration and alliance among frontier spaces within the space of the Mediterranean. More specifically, design thinking in relation to the “Archipelago Frontier” will open the door for a geopolitical scenario for the CI potential fulfillment of Ceuta and Gibraltar.
4_Future Scenario
The process of combining transitions and transformations in a nexus of civil insoles, can operate in two levels:
1. softening of borders for the EU- ENP / EMP policies with the new reading of the sea as a collaborative frontier.
2. intertwining the cross border undisclosed operations within the CIs while using the advantage of the anomaly.
4_Future Scenario
The proposed scenario
In this reading the Strait of Gibraltar is first operates within the nexus of the Mediterranean as a north-south
connection. Under the patronage of this new network as mainland the partial autonomy of the CI will lead to
spatial and economic opportunism.
I propose a scenario in which the new Mediterranean frontier is rendered into the marginal essence of Gibraltar
and Ceuta and utilizes them as the ultimate cross boundary- frontier territory; within the framework of
continental Europe and its neighbors.
GIBRALTAR :SPACE OF COOPERATION WITH LA LINEA
CEUTA:SPACE OF COOPERATION WITH MOROCCO
The Case of Ceuta
Urban Morphological Proposal
5“Three cities are superimposed on one another, and as one wanders one unravels them, three cities of profoundly different structure, three cities born of
three invasions.”
“Without solidifying completely…” the expansion of the city “was made comfortable, but without ever
losing their ephemeral feeling.”
(“The Spirit Of Mediterranean Places”. Michel Butor. 1986 p.22)
CROSS BORDER INFLUENCES
5_Ceuta Urban proposal
The city is gradient of influences and flows.It is porous and also bounded seeded with enclosed insoles.
Hospital
Lidl supermarket
Tarajal trade area
EU | Spain
Morocco
Morocco
25,000 Moroccan citizensenter daily to work
1,134,214 tons of goods is80% of annual goods from Spain to Ceuta low to Morocco - and 12% of the city’s tra�c(2005)
6 Million € cross border ow of goods a day (2013)
7,164 Refuges annual crossing(Ceuta and Mellila 2015)
FLOWS
5_Ceuta Urban proposal
The transactional flows cross the city on the western periphery,It is an informal flow due to the tax and customs laws.The border in Ceuta allows the entrance of Moroccan residents from the Tetouan region into the territory of the city, due to historic territorial relations.
5_Ceuta Urban proposal
The historical development of the city is also expresses In the socio economic data of the population.
2013 a study by Sociopolis
High Foreignresidents percentage
High percentageof people in situation of poverty
Home ownershippercentage
12% 14%
9.5%
10%
52%69%
33%
65%
48%
The risk of poverty for households Moroccan origin 60% -65%
European-Spanish 13.5% - 14.5%
Members per householdin Ceuta 3.58in Spain 2.86
85%54%
SOCIO ECONOMIC DATE -FOREIGNER RESIDENTS AND POVERTY
EL PRINCIPE AND THE NEW PUBLIC HOUSING
90% unemployment
Population 12,000 registered (20,000-15,000)
No public infrastructure2014-2020 Governmental regeneration plan
5_Ceuta Urban proposal
The Case of Ceuta - urban analysis
FIELD_PUBLIC SPACES SEQUENCE
5_Ceuta Urban proposal
In the framework of camp typology -The infill of the gaps between the archipelago is the dynamic fieldStructured around the permanent elements (public spaces).
5_Ceuta Urban proposal
Basic community and residential programmatic elementsCombined with CI program according to location.
N
SOUTHERN AREA NORTHERN AREA
5_Ceuta Urban proposal
The Case of Ceuta - urban proposal
Render
TOP COURTYARD CONNECTED TO THE PUBLIC HOUSING PROJECT
5_Ceuta Urban proposal
By proposing to make use of the proximity and common ground with Morocco, in the Archipelago fron-tier scenario the created condition empowers Ceuta’s Moroccan community as a mediator between the south and north. The vision of Ceuta as CI, is a multi-cultural community capable of capitalizing its unique territorial properties – at the junction between north and south.
“...they saw Gibraltar, not simply separated from Spain, but already at a considerable distance, like an island abandoned in the middle of the ocean,
transformed, poor thing, into a peak, a sugarloaf, a reef, with its thousand cannon out of action. “
Saramago, J. - The stone raft Conclusion6
Urban square
Public housingInterior square
Enclosed spaceIn historic militaryInfrastructure
PromenadeAnd out doorMarket
30m25m
45m
75m
110m
25m
60m85m
75m
Sport Fields
Enclosed public spaces
BC
AE
D
A
B
C
D
E
EXISTING PUBLIC SPACES
4_Urban design principles
Most of the public spaces are in the center and enclosed by the dense grid,In the Periphery there are sports field and rare enclosed squares in the public housing projects.
4_Urban design principles
The Module - BarrackFormal definition of volume, and adaptable space.
75m
150m
Military Barracks Revellin Ceuta
1762 - 1982
MILITARY BARRACKSREVELLIN CEUTA
1762-1982
4_Urban design principles
Program possibilities for the 40X9m barrack
LIVING COMMERCIAL
EDUCATION
WORKSPACES
SPACES
O�ce
Administrative, work space
30 Desks per a �oor
O�ce size - 12m2
Data Center
Administrative, work space
30 Desks per a �oor
O�ce size - 12m2
Banking
Administrative, work space
30 Desks per a �oor
O�ce size - 12m2
Conference center
Various meeting rooms
100 People per a �oor
Class size - 45m2
Community center
Various class rooms and spaces(library, computers etc.)
100 People per a �oor
Class size - 45m2
School
Various class rooms and spaces (library, computers etc.)
4 Class rooms
Class size - 45m2
Hostel
Temporary housing
40 People per a �oor
Room size 27m2
Hotel
Temporary housing
24 People per a �oor
Room size 24m2
Residential
Public housing
16 People per a �oor
4 Apartments per �oorUnit size 82m2
Dormitories
Temporal Housing
30 Beds per a �oor
Open space - full �oor 360m2
Collaborative space
Creative initiatives space
60 Desks per a �oor
Open space - full �oor 360m2
Restaurants and Bars
300 People
3 business per a �oor
Per restaurant 120m2
Shops
12 Shops
Minimum size per shop 12m2
Market
12m2 shops Storage, booths and carts
Sport - yoga - pool co�e shops
Market Public Event space Sport - playground ParkingFood
40m
9m
12m
40m
30m
SOUTHERN AREA
4_Urban design principles
The Case of Ceuta - urban proposal
*
Community public Space
Market
Public event space
SOUTHERN AREA
4_Urban design principles
The Case of Ceuta - urban proposal
5_Future Scenario
The proposed scenario
EU | SCHENGEN ENTRANCE
CEUTA | RESTRICTED SCHENGEN ENTRANCE
SCHENGEN ENTRANCE
EU ENTRANCE
SPAIN
EU | SCHENGEN
CEUTA ATIGUA
UK
EU | SCHENGEN
GIBRALTAR OLD CITY
EU RENDERS THE MARGINAL ESSENCEOF CEUTA AND GIBRALTAR WITH THE EMP ‘S POLICIES
THE ULTIMATE CROSS BORDER TERRITORY.
GIBRALTAR :SPACE OF COOPERATION WITH LA LINEA
CEUTA:SPACE OF COOPERATION WITH MOROCCO
The CI’s Spatial Manifesto
6
Khan & Külliye BarracksRoman Camp
The Void The ModulThe Field
Timgad, Algeria Bursa, Turkey Camp Blanding, Florida
6_Spatial manifesto
Three basic concepts for intervention - based on the latent urban history of the site.
The permanent objects and attributes of the new urban typo-morphology Are inspired by Aldo Rossi “The Architecture of the City”
“Only the preexisting condition of a closed and sta-ble form permitted continuity and the production
of successive actions and forms.”
(Aldo Rossi. 1982 - The architecture of the city. p.88)
6_Spatial manifesto
Localizing the generic typo-morphology - Critical regionalism
“Public spaces are firstly the containers of collective memo-ry and desire, and secondly they are the places for geographic and social imagination to extend new relationships and sets of
possibility.”
(James Corner 2005 - Terra Fluxus. p.32)
2_Continantal islands
Taxonomy of territories according to relations of Mainland - Host Nation - Territory
The most appropriate examples of the CI are the Exclave and Operational categories.
Panama Canal
PanamaCentral America
Panama (the Colon FTZ 1948)Atlantic entrance to the canal
FREE PORT
FREE ZONE & PORT Chinese investments
Deep sea port and warehouses
4 Million tons of cargo
City of KnowledgeS. Korean investment
$1.04 Billion initiative Research university
Labs & industrial parks
Andorra
Independentprincipality
Europe
TOURISM &FINANCES
_Tourism80% GDP
_Tax haven19% of GDP_Duty free
_Not an EU member
Monaco
MicrostateEurope
TOURISM &FINANCES
_Gambling_Personal banking
_No income tax
KaliningradDistrict
RussiaEurope
SEZ
_Manufacturing hub_Military post
_Sea port
French Guiana
Overseas region of France
South America
ENCLAVE STRAIT ECONOMYOPERATIONAL FOREIGN INVESTMENTS EXCLAVE
EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY
_In the EU_Dependant on France
Singapore
Strait of MalaccaAsia
MauritiusIslands
East Africa
Macao
SpecialAdministrative
Region China
Kish Island
IranAsia
LekkiLagos
NigeriaAfrica
Yachay Ecuador
South America
_SEZ since 1960’s_2nd busiest
Port in the world_Intersection of many
Underwater cables_Malaysia multimedia
Super corridor
Kish Island
IranAsia
EPZExport Processing Zone
_Luxury Tourism_Ebene CyberCity
Center forInformation technology
FREE PORT& RESORT ISLAND
_Tourism_Undisclosed activities
_O�shore �nances_Tax haven_Free port
Gambling - 40% of GDP8 Million tourists a year
FTZ& RESORT ISLAND
_Tourism_Tax exemption
_Easy access andOpportunities for
_Undisclosed activities
EXCLAVES
KALININGRAD
Russian exclave – before 1945 German Koenigsberg
Size 223 km2Population 448,548 (in the city) almost 1 million in the district
Population growth o.7%GDP Growth -10% Density 1,900/km2
Before the economic crisis the GDP growth was 10%Special Economic Zone by Russia since 1996
Will close because Russia joined WTO and the zone’s incentives do not comply with the WTO’s rules.
manufacturing hub - automotive plants Cadillac, Hummer and BMW.Military post and sea port
Unemployment around 10%
2_Continantal islands
Taxonomy of territories according to relations of Mainland - Host Nation - Territory
The most appropriate examples of the CI are the Exclave and Operational categories.
Sub-Saharan Africans and North african migrants and refugees
Year Cycle
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Water
Data - Under water cable
Ferry
Birds
Air tra cInternational tra c From western Africa and Canary Islands to Western EuropeMorocco to Eururope
Internal tra cUK- GibraltarTangier and Tetouan to Casablance, Morocco
Wind
Mediterranean winds
Terrain
Mig
rati
ng A
xis
Pilla
rs o
f Her
cule
s
FLAG Europe-Asia (FEA)
Europe India Gateway (EIG)
Atlas O�shore
FLAG Europe-Asia (FEA) | 10Gbps, 27000km,
Europe India Gateway (EIG) | 3.84Tbps, 15000km
Atlas O�shore | 320Gbps, 1630km,
Ships | Boats
Atlantic blue�n TunaThe mediterranean is the eastern spawning area
Freight vessels
Gibraltar
Gibraltar
Elevation
0.0
-800m
+1,400
Sea �oor
Above sea �oor
Natural terrain
Tectonic plates
+3,500 - 10,000+10,000 - 13,000
-280m
SeaMeWe-3
Columbus-III
Columbus-III | 40Gbps, 9900km,
SeaMeWe-3 | 960Gbps, 39000km
+
+
Vendavel windW to E
strong blustery windfollows the LevanterNovember to April
Vendavel wind
Red knotStaging, moulting nd non-breeding area
Red KnotTraveling 15,000 km from its Arctic breeding grounds to South Africa
Black Kite (Milvus migrans) Travelin from south Africa to northern Europe and Asia most of movement southward is through strait of Gibraltar
Ortolan Buntingbreeding area in Sweden | May - Augustwintering area in South Sahar - west Africa | October - April
Ortolan BuntingAutumn migration from northen Europe to Mali and Guineathrough Iberian peninsula (30 day stop).Spring migration, 18 days stop in Morroco or Spain.
HSC "Tarifa Jet" | 777 passengers + 175 cars
HSC "Ceuta Jet" | 428 passengers + 52 cars
Tanger Express | 1000 passengers + 340 cars Ferry:Algeciras to Ceuta & Tangier
andTarifa to Tangier
about 22 rides each direction a daymax. of 50,000 passengers in one day for each direction
180 ships a day90,000-120,000 ships a year
Ferry
November - 194 ships a day99 traveling West95 traveling East34 �nal destination at the Strait’s ports - Ceuta, Gibraltar, Algeciras , Tangier
German U-boats Campaign60 items between 1941 - 1944using internal wavws of the Camarinal Sill
Fish- Migration routsAtlantic blue�n Tuna
Marine Turtlesthe loggerhead turtle breeds in the central Mediterranean, migrates to western Atlantic,numbers a few thousand individuals
The loggerhead turtle
2,0142,0132,0122,0112,0102,0092,008
7,840
6,80
0
6,40
0
8,45
0
5,00
0
6,65
0
6,50
0
People
Western Migration route - frontex dataSub-Saharan Africans and North Africa
Tourists and visitorsTourists annualGibraltar by land 9,616,781Ceuta by sea 200,000Morocco 4,000,000 Europeans
Red Knot migration along the East Atlantic flywaySix subspecies - Wadden sea to/ from Mauritania
approx. 400,000 Black Kite (Milvus migrans) 62,000 spring 2009 and 89,000 autumn 2008February - March | early Octobermost birds cross the strait during southwards migration
Ortolan Bunting Black Kite
Ortolan Bunting
Black Kite
Refugeescrossing point
Bird Migration
GibraltarAirport
TetuoanAirport
TangierAirport
Gibraltar AirportUk and Tangier
Tetuoan AirportCasablanca and Al Hoceima (internal Morocco)
Tangier Airport11 direct linedNetherlands, Spain, France, Belgium,UK, Turkey, Casablanca and Gibraltar
Air Tra¦c
Weste
rn Eu
rope
Weste
rn Af
rica
Levanter windE to W
at the western exit of the straitsthe wind can be at Gale forceMay to October62–74 km/h
Sirocco windSE to NW
Dry air from the Saharapeak in March and November
100 km/h
Levanter wind
N
Sirocco wind
Poniente windNW to SE
hot, clear and dry weatherany westerly in the areaduring winter turn to Vendavel
Poniente wind
Internal Betic fault
Internal Rif fault
External Betic RifThrust fault
Inte
rnal
faul
t
External fault Camarinal Sill
Camarinal Sill
W
E
N
S
Warm low salinityOcean water
High salinity coldMD - Water
StreamsW
E
SouthNorthern Africa
NorthSouthern Europe
4_Future Scenario
Strait of Gibraltar - space of stratefied motions
EU GateCity Center Gate
Morocco Gate
Western Periphery
Flow Vector
**
**
**
GATES
5_Ceuta Urban proposal
The vectors of flow are connecting between the gates alon the perimiter road..
City Gate
EU Gate
Morocco Gate
DENS
E UR
BAN
BLOC
KS19
-18TH
CEN
TURY
100M
X50M
UNPL
ANNE
D SE
TTLE
MEN
TSEX
TREM
E TO
POGR
APHY
LO
W RI
SE
DEVE
LOPM
ENT
PROJ
ECT
DISC
ONNE
CTED
20TH
CEN
TURY
PUB
LIC
HOUS
ING
COM
POUN
DON
E UN
IT 15
MX1
2M4
STOR
IES
HIGH
SMAL
L UR
BAN
BLOC
KS20
TH C
ENTU
RY50
MX2
5M
75m
150m
50m
35m 65
m
85m
100m
60m
24m
52m
40m
20m
154m
74m
280m
45m
25m
60m
20m
20m
20m
20m
16m
16m
UNCO
NTRO
LLED
COM
POUN
D
AM
CB
D
HAR
D BO
RDER
SOFT
BOR
DER
OPEN
BOR
DER
The sequence is a series of nodes connected toThe main road systems and local neighborhoods.
4_Future Scenario
Geographic Perception:from the edge of the empire to the aperture to the west.
4_Future Scenario
EXISTING BORDER CONDITION Cross border territories with overlapping policies,Different border crossing regulations for different nationalities.
View south East - Morocco
View south West - Morocco
5_Ceuta Urban proposal
The Case of Ceuta
SOUTHERN AREA
5_Ceuta Urban proposal
The Case of Ceuta - urban proposal
N
ResidentialCommunity
MarketRecreation
Tourism
*
5_Ceuta Urban proposal
The Case of Ceuta - urban proposal
SOUTHERN AREA