TOD and Parking: Matching the Requirements to the Neighborhood by Karina Ricks

SEEING THE WHOLE PICTURE Uniting on and off street parking policy and management for thriving places

Rail~Voluton 2015 Karina Ricks, Principal @walk_left

2 RAIL~VOLUTION 2015

5 to 8 Parking spaces for every registered vehicle in a city

Source: Rich Renomeron


15-40% Of urban traffic in major commercial areas are cars circling looking for parking

Source: Rich Renomeron


The Conundrum

Private Off Street Parking

!  Controlled through zoning process (planning/zoning departments)

!  Often reserved for certain users !  Typically under used

Public On-Street Parking

!  Managed by transportation or public space departments

!  Typically available to all !  Too often over subscribed


Supply comparison – on and off street

Average


Supply and Utilization (Charlottesville, VA)

- 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000

On-street

Public off street

Private off-street

No of Spaces

58%

67%

92%


Parking Reform


HOW DO YOU: …WELCOME NEW DEVELOPMENT …MINIMIZE PARKING OVERBUILD …INCREASE AFFORDABILITY AND MOBILITY …MAINTAIN PEACE AND HARMONY?


HOW? 1. OPTIMIZE WHAT THERE IS 2. KNOW WHAT YOU (REALLY) WANT 3. MANAGE ON AND OFF STREET TOGETHER


Optimize what there is


Optimize what there is: Share

OFFICE

RETAIL

PARK AND RIDE

RESIDENTIAL

RESIDENTIAL

RESIDENTIAL


Optimize what there is: Decouple

More Parking?

More housing?

OR


Optimize what there is: TDM

$200? $200 in “Free” Parking? OR

Credit: Joel Dinda


Optimize what there is: Make Parking Easy


Optimize what there is: Multimodal access •  Protected lanes:

•  49% more retail sales •  58% fewer injuries

•  Bicycle corral: •  12x more spending power

compared to auto space

•  Bus Lanes •  20% increase in bus speeds •  10% increase in ridership •  71% increase in retail sales

•  Bus stop v. parking space •  Bus - 25 people every 15 minutes

(100 people per hour) •  Parking - 1.2 people/15 minutes

(5/hour)

RAIL~VOLUTION 2015

!  Identify source of parking pressure

!  Clarify the most important outcomes (What do people want most?) •  Strong, diverse retail •  Equal access for all •  Protection for existing

residents •  The ability to stop fishing

16

Know what you (really) want

RAIL~VOLUTION 2015

Confirm Issues – On-street Residential

!  Residential Permit Parking Restrictions •  Intended top protect

residents from outside pressures

•  Commonly around transit and destinations

•  “Enhanced” RPP

!  Curbside management •  Residents may need

protection from themselves

•  License to fish •  Concern (anger) over

more competition

18

LOCAL AMENITY SUPPORT “Strong, diverse businesses districts, walkable residential communities”


Neighborhood Amenity Support

!  PRIORITY 1: LOADING + DELIVERIES Goods delivery challenges hinder many businesses Tools: Expanded loading zones, metered loading zones, off-peak delivery incentives

!  PRIORITY 2: HIGH-CAPACITY ACCESS Shared use and mass transit passenger vehicles bring more people to businesses.

Tools: Expanded bus zones, additional shared vehicle spaces, district (a.k.a. public) valet

!  PRIORITY 3: COMMERCIAL PATRONAGE Non-local patron access to sustain commercial quality and diversity.

Tools: Performance parking, metering “commercial adjacent” blocks

!  PRIORITY 4: RESIDENT-VEHICLE PARKING Residents need reasonable options for accessible parking.

Tools: Resident-exempt meters, small RPP zones, escalating rate RPP fee structure

19

TRADE-OFFS ― Resident/business conflicts

REPRESENTATIVE CITIES

― San Francisco, CA ― Toronto, ON

20

EQUITABLE ACCESS “All residents have the equal and affordable opportunity for access.”


Equitable Access

!  PRIORITY 1: DISTRICT RESIDENTS AT-LARGE As residents of the city, all should be able to enjoy amenities of the city regardless of neighborhood.

Tools: Large or city-wide RPP zones, nominal fee RPP, limited areas designated as RPP

!  PRIORITY 2: COMMERCIAL PATRONAGE Strong businesses are a source of jobs, services and opportunities and many rely on

patrons from throughout the larger region. Tools: Time limit-based management, nominal parking rates, enforcement

!  PRIORITY 3: LOADING + DELIVERIES Goods delivery is essential to business survival and strength.

Tools: Managed loading zones !  PRIORITY 4: WORKERS + VISITORS Where space permits, after meeting the needs of District residents, curbside space

should be managed for workers and visitors. Tools: No-fee visitor permits

21

TRADE-OFFS ― Access without availability isn’t access

― Potential circling and congestion ― Greater uncertainty

REPRESENTATIVE CITIES

― New York City

22

RESIDENT PRIORITY “Protect existing residents from both outside pressure and new parking demand.”


Resident Priority

!  PRIORITY 1: EXISTING/BUILT RESIDENCES Newer buildings have the option to provide parking

Tools: RPP protection, small RPP zones, RPP–eligibility restrictions

!  PRIORITY 2: RESIDENT VISITORS + HOUSEHOLD WORKERS Visitor parking for built stock only

Tools: Limited eligibility for visitor/worker parking permits

!  PRIORITY 3: COMMERCIAL PATRONAGE Short term commercial patrons parking at retail amenities.

Tools: Performance parking, metered parking confined to commercial streets only

!  PRIORITY 4: NEW RESIDENTS/NEW DEVELOPMENT Under special conditions, new residents or new development projects (such as

adaptive reuse) may be granted use of the public curbside.

23

TRADE-OFFS ― Minimal support to businesses

― Can pit neighbors against ― Creates obstacles to visitors

REPRESENTATIVE CITIES ― Arlington County, VA

― Toronto, ON

24

AVAILABILITY MANAGEMENT “Maintain desirable levels of availability for all users and demands.”


Availabiltiy Management

!  PRIORITY AGNOSTIC Supply is managed according to demand; adequate availability for any who may need to use the curbside. Price is the primary demand-management tool utilized to value the

curbside space. Tools: Performance parking districts, real time availability tracking and information, dynamic pricing, metered loading zones, escalating rate RPP, variable rate RPP (by area), small RPP zones, limited RPP designations, pay-as-y0u-go RPP permits, pay-by-phone Visitor permits

25

TRADE-OFFS ― High-demand area = high price

― No special privileges ― Apolitical process

REPRESENTATIVE CITIES ― San Francisco, CA

― Seattle, WA

RAIL~VOLUTION 2015

Tailored Approach

!  Not all neighborhoods are the same •  Different amenities •  Different priorities and

objectives •  Therefore, use different

approaches

26

RAIL~VOLUTION 2015

Manage on- and off-street together

!  Agencies must work in concert !  Recognize integrated use

27


0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

1000 1100

Park

ed V

ehic

les

Water Street Garage

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Sunday

TOTAL SPACES

Manage On- and Off-Street Together: pricing

!  Off -street parking = $2.50/hr !  On-street parking = free (2

hour limit)


Manage On- and Off-Street Together: Share

-

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

-

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

Actual Demand Unshared Supply

30% unused capacity

RAIL~VOLUTION 2015

Manage On- and Off-Street Together: RPP

!  Residents !  Visitors !  Transient users

RAIL~VOLUTION 2015

Manage Together: Anticipate Change

!  Building (and financing) projects that will last 40 years when technology will change in in less than 10

31

NELSON\NYGAARD CONSULTING ASSOCIATES © 2014

Karina Ricks Principal

[email protected]

@walk_left

News & Politics

TOD and Parking: Matching the Requirements to the Neighborhood by Karina Ricks