Managing for Social Inclusion

Leisa Perch, Team Leader - Rural and Sustainable Development, IPC-IG/UNDP

The Risks of Inefficient Public Policies

About IPC-IGProduces policy-oriented research and facilitates learning and

innovation at the global level on poverty reduction and inclusive growth through:

Applied Research & Knowledge ProductionI. Inclusive Growth and Fiscal SpaceII. Rural and Sustainable DevelopmentIII. Social Protection and Employment

Outreach, Advocacy & Partnerships

Policy Dialogue & South-South Exchange

Global Solutions

Rio + 20 will place a major

focus on institutions for sustainable development and on the green economy

The role of emerging economies in global sustainability challenges and solutions

The emerging risks from resource scarcity for social equity and inclusive growth

South-South cooperation harness the comparative advantages of partners in the South to bring about transformational change in the global economy and to support sustainability of their own economic and social development

Sustainability – The Change Needed

Delivering across the three pillars of Sustainability: Environmental, Social and Economic

1.The Green Economy…

Getting the Policies and Finance Right

“Whereas technology is often toutedas the starting point for green growth,

social dimensions may prove to be even more crucial”

– Nicholas Perrin

?

Going Green with EquitySocial inclusion and the reduction of the inequalities

should be at the centre of the strategy

Will require social sustainability principles, such as:

• preferential access for the poor and vulnerable to new jobs, green microfinance and infrastructure

• adaptable social protection mechanisms which mitigate the impact of environmental and disaster risk and provide income support for green consumption by the poor

• a rights-based approach which tackles fundamental structural inequalities

Source: PERCH, Leisa (2012).The False Dichotomy Between Economy and Society: Implications for a Global Green Economy. UNRISD

Creating a Virtuous Circle through

innovation in employment and education

through synergies between public policy, the private sector, the non-profit sector (NGOs) and civil society

through local and sustainable solutions bringing co-benefits: for example, the nexus between food and nutrition, water security and energy

Putting an end to the spiral of environmental degradation and poverty:

2. Employment and Education

Role of Public Policy, Society, Private Sector and NGOs

Those who have access to resources, education and

opportunities are empowered and less vulnerable to climate

change, because of their capacity to cope and to identify or create other

opportunities for themselves

Equal access and opportunities

Creating jobs is not enough. One must ensure that these individuals are among the beneficiaries:

More than 600 million people are disabled, many of whom live under the poverty line

More than 33 million live with HIV/AIDS Over 300 million are indigenous peoples More than 2 billion have no access to safe water and sanitation 1.3 billion are without access to electricity More than a billion are undernourished Over 30 million are refugees or displaced people. More than one billion rural poor

Education is key – youth, women, famers, etc.

Risk: Policies that ignore unequal access to finance, land, food, education and other resources potentially result in further inequality

which can in turn reinforce unsustainable patterns

Management of natural assetsSocial

Accountability +

Ecological Sustainability

• Reforming natural resource law

• Establishing Indigenous autonomy regimes

• Corporate Citizenship• South-South Cooperation

“Much of the planet’s remaining resources are located in rural areas where more than two thirds of the 1.4 billion people currently

living in extreme poverty reside. The transparent, accountable and participatory governance of natural assets is now a key

policy challenge which needs urgent attention”1

1Source: Khoday and Perch, Development from Below: Social Accountability in Natural Resources Management. IPC-IG, Working Paper 91, February 2012

Employment and Access to Food

Sourced from FAO, 2011: Presentation to Expert Group Meeting on The Challenges of Building Employment for Sustainable Recovery

Mainstreaming gender

Fast facts:• Women work two-thirds of the

world’s working hours yet receive only 10% of the world’s income.

• Women members of parliament globally average only 17% of all seats. 92% of all of the world’s cabinet ministers are men.

• Seventy-five percent of the world’s 876 million illiterate adults are women.

• Men own 99% of the world’s property.

• In a sample of 141 countries over the period 1981–2002, it was found that natural disasters (and their subsequent impact) on average kill more women than men or kill women at an earlier age than men.

Sources: Social Watch, 2007 and 2008;

Oxfam, 2007; Neumayer and Plümper, 2007; and ILO, 2008.

• Rural women are the main producers of the world’s staple crops

• About half of economically active women worldwide cite agriculture as their primary source of income, yet barely any own the land they farm.

• Agriculture systems, which are women centered and earth centered, are also more productive.

3. Measuring the Success of Initiatives

Metrics based on:Human rightsCivil, cultural, economic, political and social rights inherent to all human beings.• Eg.: the right to food: Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale

Inequality

Inequity constitutes a violation of human rights. Are policies successful in reducing disparities (eg. rural-urban gap, ethnic cliveages, etc.)?

• Eg.: Gini Coefficient, MDGs

Inclusiveness

Are policies socially-inclusive? (youth, marginalized, indigenous peoples, etc.)

GenderAre policies gender-blind, gender-aware or gender-transformative? (WFP/ALINe)• Eg.: The Women in Agriculture Empowerment Index (WAEI)

Sustainability and Environmental justiceLong–term plans and adaptation and Mitigation of Climate Change. Protects the

most vulnerable.• Eg.: SDGs

Example: The Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture IndexExample of a tool for measurement

This Index is an innovation in the measurement of women’s empowerment, which was developed from July 2011 to February 2012 based on pilot surveys conducted between September to November 2011 in Feed the Future’s zones of influence in three countries with markedly different sociocultural contexts: Bangladesh, Guatemala, and Uganda

Source: IFPRI (2012). The Women<s Empowerment in Agriculture Index.

4. The Brazilian Context

5. Innovative Programs and Policies

In the emerging South: India’s National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme Brazil’s biofuel industry and approach to food security South Africa’s Expanded Public Works Programme Ethiopia’s Productive Safety Net Programme

Global: Poverty and Environment Initiative – UNEP, UNDP

and REDD UNDP’s Women Green Business Initiative Ethical Markets Network

Example: UNDP’s Women

Green Business Alternative

1)Creating a policy environment that enhances equal opportunities for women

2)Building capacity for women entrepreneurs

3)Increasing women’s access to climate change finance mechanisms

http://www.dfid.gov.uk/r4d/news.asp?ArticleID=50436

• Green economy initiatives are not automatically inclusive.

• This initiative equips women to engage in new economic activities that address climate change threats while building self-sufficient and resilient communities by implementing three strategic elements:

The Solidarity Economy (Brazil)

“Social economy’’ or growth driven by social accountability and responsibility combined with a focus on environmental sustainability.

In Brazil, the "Solidarity Economy" started in the 1980s with the organization of rural workers, it expanded in the 90s and early 2000s into a social movement.  

It is now linked into the national policy framework through a National Secretariat and a council and more recently a policy signed by Lula integrating the solidarity economy into Brazil’s growth strategy.  In 2005 it involved over a million persons and 41% of municipalities in Brazil. While linked to the concept of productive inclusion, it goes further. In November 2010, President Lula signed a decree making Brazil the first Equitable and Solidarity trade system in the world that is recognized and supported by the state[1].

Solidarity Economy is a vision in which a series of parameters  are to be followed during the execution of

public policies aimed at creating employment and revenues through actions of promotion of the solidarity

economy and of fair trade.

Thank You!Leisa Perch Team Leader –Rural and Sustainable Development IPC-IG/UNDP Ministerio do Exercito, Esplanada dos Ministerios,

Bloco O, 7 Andar, Brasilia DF Email: leisa.perch@ipc-undp.org Tel: +55 61 2105 5012