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Universiteit LeidenThe Netherlands
Leiden University. The university to discover.
The Impact of Reforms on EmpiricalLegitimacy – More Elites or More
Participation?IPSA Panel
“Investigation into the Relation between Political Trustand Political Engagement”
Kavita Heijstek–Ziemann ([email protected]),Institute of Political Science, Leiden University.
Leiden University. The university to discover.
The Impact of Reforms on Empirical Legitimacy – More Elites or MoreParticipation?Introduction
1 | 11Table of Contents
What?
Why?
Hypotheses
How?
Results
Conclusion
Leiden University. The university to discover.
The Impact of Reforms on Empirical Legitimacy – More Elites or MoreParticipation?What?
2 | 11Model
Democratic
Reforms
Satisfaction
with Democracy
Trust in
Parliament &
Government
empirical legitimacy
Leiden University. The university to discover.
The Impact of Reforms on Empirical Legitimacy – More Elites or MoreParticipation?Why?
3 | 11Linkage
Linkage mechanisms betweencitizens and the state have changed
• Turnout
• Membership
• Identification
Leiden University. The university to discover.
The Impact of Reforms on Empirical Legitimacy – More Elites or MoreParticipation?Why?
4 | 11Participation
• New forms of participation are gaining ground
• Linkage is effective if possibilities of communication &mechanisms of influence are available
Leiden University. The university to discover.
The Impact of Reforms on Empirical Legitimacy – More Elites or MoreParticipation?Why?
5 | 11Experts
• New forms of non-majoritarian delegation gaining ground
• Linkage is effective if governing is seen as a managementproblem and common interest is served.
Leiden University. The university to discover.
The Impact of Reforms on Empirical Legitimacy – More Elites or MoreParticipation?Hypotheses
6 | 11Hypotheses
Hypothesis 1: Direct participation and/or expert delegationincreases satisfaction with democracy
Hypothesis 2: Direct participation and/or expert delegationwill decrease trust in representative institutions
Hypothesis 3: Strengthening the functioning of corerepresentative institutions will increase trust inrepresentative institutions
Leiden University. The university to discover.
The Impact of Reforms on Empirical Legitimacy – More Elites or MoreParticipation?How?
7 | 11Data and Method
• Dataset of reforms 1990 – 2008
• Time-series cross-sectional analysis
Leiden University. The university to discover.
The Impact of Reforms on Empirical Legitimacy – More Elites or MoreParticipation?How?
8 | 11VariablesParticipatory• Electoral Reform• Decentralization• Directly Elected
Executive• Freedom of
Information• New Public
ManagementReforms
• New ReferendumLaws
Non-Majoritarian• Regulatory
Institutions• Extension of
Powers to EU• New Courts
Representation• Parliamentary
Reform• Party Subsidy
Leiden University. The university to discover.
The Impact of Reforms on Empirical Legitimacy – More Elites or MoreParticipation?Results
9 | 11Results
Negative Result• Electoral Reform• New Public Managment• Referendum• Direct Election
Executive• Regulatory Institutions• EU• Party Subsidy
Positive Result• Decentralization• New Courts
Leiden University. The university to discover.
The Impact of Reforms on Empirical Legitimacy – More Elites or MoreParticipation?Conclusion
10 | 11More Expert or More Participation?
• More Decentralization - Size Matters
• More Courts - Advocacy Democracy
• Often failing attempts to strengthen the relationshipbetween citizens and the state
Leiden University. The university to discover.
The Impact of Reforms on Empirical Legitimacy – More Elites or MoreParticipation?Conclusion
11 | 11Questions?
?