INDIAN POLITICS AND LEADERSHIP

PRESENTATIONBY

S.SRAVANI

India is praised for sustaining democratic politics over the past 60 years despite several odds. India is considered as a counter example to the prevailing theories of democracy that it can be sustained only in countries with high level of economic development and cultural uniformity. The nation has been credited with some outstanding leaders who led it through the infantile disorders and political storms. The people are also credited for showing reasonable levels of political awareness, maturity and ability to change governments through electoral means. At the same time, we hear a great deal about the political decay, crisis of governability looming large on the nation, decline of the quality of leadership over the years. Much of the discussion in the media as well as social research speak about how parties and leaders build electoral support on the basis of appeals to the identities of caste, religion, tribe, language and region.

INTRODUCTION

Planning commission of India which drew up the first five-year plan in 1951.

Mixed economy. Land distribution

•Educational institutions establishments:• All India institute of medical science(AIIMS) • Indian institutes of technology(IIT)• Indian institutes of management(IIM)•Compulsory primary education•The provision of free milk and meals to children

ECONOMIC POLICIES

EDUCATION AND SOCIAL REFORMS

Enacted many changes to Hindu law in our Indian parliament not only in India.

He is also fought for the caste discrimination throughout the world through his remarkable public address.

A system of reservations in government services and educational institutions.

To eradicate the social inequalities and Disadvantages scheduled castes(s.c) and

scheduled tribes (S.T).

Reforms in Civil and Law

POLICIES

Non-Alignment

Non-Aligned Movement

U.S and U.S.S.R

FOREIGN AFFAIRS

DEFUSE THE NUCLEAR WEAPON TREATS And wars

National Security and

Foreign Policy

The indo-Pakistan war of 1971 was a military conflict between India and Pakistan. The conflict

only lasted 13 days. Prime minister Indira Gandhi was boosted her popularity by

defeating Pakistan in this war. As a result, east Pakistan seceded as

the independent state of Bangladesh.

WAR OF 1971

OPERATION BLUE STAR

• During her term as prime minister, gandhi brought about a radical change in the country’s economic, political, international and national policies.   

• One of her crucial economic decisions included the nationalization of fourteen major commercial banks.

• She then nationalized the coal, steel, copper, refining, cotton textiles, and insurance industries.

• It was during gandhi’s premiership that green revolution brought remarkable change in the agricultural production in India

• In 1971, gandhi supported the east Pakistan in the Pakistan civil war, which led to the formation of Bangladesh.

• While indira gandhi shared strong ties with soviet union, her relationship with the us was a strained one.

• Gandhi also brought social reforms by introducing clauses in the indian constitution related to wages - equal pay for equal work to both men and women

1. In 1986, the then PM announced a National policy on education to expand Higher education programs across India.2. He brought in the telecom revolution.3.  He improved bilateral relations with the united states which was till then strained owing to rift that occurred between both nations during indira gandhi’s premiership.4.  In November 1988, the PM authorized operation cactus which helped the south Asian neighbor Maldives to fend off a military coup backed by Tamil militants.5. Rajiv gandhi attempted to end the civil war in srilanka by signing the indo-Lankan peace accord and sending the indian peace keeping forces to srilanka.6. It was Rajiv gandhi who did his best to end the conflict in Assam, and Punjab.7.  Rajiv gandhi was never acerbic towards Pakistan and wanted peace.8. Rajiv gandhi gave way to Panchayat raj..

• It existed from 1951 to 1980, whereupon it was succeeded by the Bharatiya Janata party, one of India's largest political parties. • The bjs was considered the political arm of Hindu nationalism, with the rss being the central base. The Vishwa Hindu

Parishad, formed in 1964 would become the religious arm.

Bharatiya Jana Sangh

• The major political party in India today• Right-leaning, Hindu-nationalist party

– First major party to mobilize explicitly on the basis of religious identity

Better organized than INC– Disciplined party members– Carefully selected party cadres– Clear and respected authority line within the party

Indian people's party (BJP) is a major political party in India, founded in 1980. The bjp, in alliance with several other parties, was in power from 1998 to 2004, with Atal Bihari Vajpayee as the prime minister and all Krishna Advani as his deputy. It is the biggest constituent of the national democratic alliance which is currently in the opposition.

BHARATIYA JANATA PARTY

• Electoral success from 1989 to 1999– Difficulty in forming alliance with other parties

• Break with past traditions– Relatively moderate, centrist position

• BJP formed governing coalition in 1998– Collapsed in 1999

• BJP formed a new coalition in 1999– More broadly based than previous coalition

BJP’S RAPID RISE TO POWER

•Liberalised the indian economy, allowing it to speed up development.•In 2007, India achieved its highest gdp growth rate of 9% and became the second fastest growing major economy in the world.•Continued the golden quadrilateral and the highway modernization program that was initiated by Vajpayee's government. •Working on reforming the banking and financial sectors, as well as public sector companies.• In 2005, Singh's government introduced the value added tax, replacing sales tax. •In 2007 and early 2008, the global problem of inflation impacted India.

ECONOMIC POLICY

• In 2005, national rural health mission was started.

• Announced that eight more IIT will be opened. • Continued the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan programme, begun by his

predecessor, Mr. Vajpayee.

HEALTHCARE AND EDUCATION

•The programme has included the introduction and improvement of mid-day meals and the opening of schools all over India, especially in rural areas, to fight illiteracy.•National rural employment guarantee act (NREGA) •The right to information act were passed by the parliament in 2005 during his tenure

• Manmohan Singh administration initiated a massive reconstruction effort in Kashmir to stabilize the region but after some period of success, infiltration and terrorism in

Kashmir has increased since 2009• Singh's government has been criticized by opposition parties for revoking

POTA and for the many bomb blasts in various cities, like in Mumbai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad, Delhi, Jaipur, etc.

• After the Mumbai terror attacks in 2008, a National Investigation Agency (NIA) was set up to face these challenges.

• The most controversial Indo-US Civilian Nuclear Deal, which was strongly opposed by other parties, was signed under his governance.

CONCLUSION

Indian electorate presents several paradoxes. Most people want democracy, but also many want a strong leader to govern the country. Political participation has been high but political awareness is low, especially among women and non-literates

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