THE SECRET WAR

How to find information about the enemy?...

•In the WW II both sides tried to mislead the enemy about what they were doing themselves:

•Information and intelligence about the enemy were important.

•All information needed to be evaluated.

•Some might not be true and might have been planted to mislead.

Germans felt their messages were safe because they use a complicated machine called ENIGMA.

GERMAN´S TECHNOLOGY

Officers were able to decode these messages at special centre in Bletchley Park.

British intelligence

Lydda airfield, Palestine, before camouflage

Tactics to avoid the enemy

Lydda airfield with camoflage

How to avoid the spies?

Holocaust

“A man´s healthy brain can´t grasp what went on. It´s not of this planet. Killing women, children. WHY? I ask myself. Why? It´s because we were jews”

The genocide of approximately six million

European Jews during World War II, a program

of systematic state-sponsored extermination by Nazi Germany, under

Adolf Hitler, its allies, and collaborators.

Hitler´s final solution to his ¨jewish problem¨

• Israel's Department Store in Berlin on April 1, 1933 at the start of the Nazi boycott of Jewish-owned businesses. These are nazis holding placards that say: "Germans defend yourselves! Don't buy from Jews."

The definition of the Holocaust should also include the Nazis' systematic murder of millions of people in other groups, including ethnic Poles, the Romani, Soviet civilians, Soviet prisoners of war, people with disabilities, homosexuals, Jehovah's Witnesses, and other political and religious opponents. By this definition, the total number of Holocaust victims would be between 11 million and 17

million people.

Other Victims:

• “NOT ALL GUILTY”

David low cartoon

19 April 1945

• Historic image showing a Jew being tormented by German Police in Rzeszow, Poland

• Concentration camps were established in which inmates were used as slave labor until they died of exhaustion or disease

Romani children at Auschwitz who were victims of medical

experiments

"sacrifice by fire"

• Jews and Romani were confined in overcrowded ghettos before being transported by freight train to extermination camps where, if they survived the journey, the majority of them were killed in gas chambers and then were burnt.

Rows of bodies of dead inmates fill the yard of Lager Nordhausen, a Gestapo concentration camp. This photo shows less than half of the bodies of the several hundred inmates who died of starvation or were shot by Gestapo

men.

• She gained international fame posthumously following the publication of her diary which documents her experiences hiding during the German occupation of the Netherlands in World War II.

HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI…

How to force Japan's surrender? …

World War II in the Pacific

Okinawa

Iwo Jima

First Atomic Bomb: “Trinity Test”

16th July 1945New Mexico Desert

Potsdam Declaration

America´s bombs

“Little boy”: Hiroshima “Fat man”: Nagasaki

Choice of Targets

"Any small and strictly military objective should be located in a much larger area subject to blast damage in order to avoid undue risks of the weapon being lost due to bad placing of the bomb."

-The Target Comitee-

Delivering Little Boy

American B-29 Superfortress bomber named the Enola Gay

Hiroshima Bombing.. August 6th

T-shaped bridge at the junction of the Honkawa and Motoyasu rivers near downtown Hiroshima.

Inmediate Aftermath

Hiroshima before the bombing

•Hiroshima after the bombing

Hiroshima Post- Attack

Immediatte effects: aprox. 70.000 death people.

Estimates total deaths by 1945: range from 90.000 to 140.000.

Actually, the hibakusha, with the effects of the exposure to the bomb’s radiation.

9th August … Nagasaki

B-29 Bocks Car Superfortress bomber

Flight crew of the B-29 "Bocks Car" at Wendover Field, UT - 1945

Nagasaki Bombing

• Mushroom cloud from the atomic explosion over Nagasaki rising 60,000 feet into the air on the morning of August 9, 1945

Aftermath…

•Nagasaki before the bombing.

•Nagasaki after the bombing

Nagasaki Casualties

More than forty percent of the city was destroyed

75.000 instantaneous deaths

50.000 explosion injured

Up to 1950, there were more deaths, aprox. 70.000.

Finally..

Japanese Foreign Minister Shigenori Togo, proposed acceptance of the Potsdam Declaration.

The Emperor Hirohito convened an Imperial Conference and at noon on August 15, 1945, announced Japan's surrender.

•On Sept. 2, 1945, Japanese Foreign Minister Mamoru Shigemitsu formally signed the surrender documents on board the USS Missouri.