George Washington’s Farewell Address1796

Policy of Isolationism

Focus of America-1789-late 1800’s

• Building up our government• Fixing unsolved issues with Great Britain-War

of 1812• Building up our business and infrastructure• Moving “West” and war with Mexico• Issues over slavery and the Civil War• US was blessed with lots of natural resources

Manifest Destiny

Monroe Doctrine-1823

Civil War 1861-1865

The Civil War-1861-1865

List the major powers of the world in the late 1800’s?

• Great Britain• France• Germany• Russia• Up and Comers:• Unites States• Japan

• Losing Power:• Spain• Italy• Ottoman Empire• Austria-Hungary

Europe in 1900

Era of Imperialism

• Late 1800’s into early 1900’s

• What were countries after?

Latin America-1800-Most countries were independent by 1830

US Territories Over the Years

• Hawaii• Alaska• American Samoa• Puerto Rico• US Virgin Islands• Philippines• Guam• Northern Mariana

Island

• When did US get control?

• How did US get control?• Do we still have control

of it today? What is it’s current status?

• Location

The Great War 1914-1918

• Started after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the next King of Austria-Hungary

• Underlying causes:– Militarism– Imperialism– Nationalism– Alliances

The Treaty of Versailles

• Treaty that officially ended WWI

• Signed at the Paris Peace Conference

• United States never signed it

• Germany lost land and colonies

• Germany’s military was dismantled

• Germany had to pay $33 billion

• Germany had to accept the War Guilt clause

• League of Nations was set up

1920’s and 1930’s

• In the 1920’s and 1930’s, the US went back to isolationism

• The Great Depression in the 1930’s made it easy for the US to focus on America only

The Road to WWII1919-1941

Causes for Breakout of WWII

• Japan invaded China in 1937

• Hitler invaded Poland on 9-1-39

• Japan attacked the United States at Pearl Harbor on 12-7-41

Effects of WWII on US and World

• US and Soviet Union became the two world superpowers

• Europe was split between democratic countries and communist countries

• The Cold War started• Nuclear arms race• Israel was established

Effects of WWII on the World

• The United Nations was established

• United Nations Declaration of Human Rights-1949

• Geneva Convention-1949

The Cold War 1945-1991

• Political and ideological struggle between the US and Soviet Union

• US practiced the Policy of Containment due to the domino effect(theory)

• Examples of containment– Truman Doctrine– Marshall Plan– Korean War– Vietnam War

Cold War Policies

• Containment• Brinkmanship• Massive retaliation/Mutual

deterrence/Mutual Assured Destruction• Détente-1970’s

1980’s

• Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in 1979– US helped the mujahideen fight the communists– This group eventually became al-Qaeda and

the Taliban• Iran and Iraq went to war– US helped Saddam Hussein as the US was at odds

with Iran

The Cold War Ends

• Ronald Reagan • Mikhail Gorbachev

1990’s-The Rise of Iraq and al-Qaeda

• Both Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda became problems for the United States in the 1990’s

Persian Gulf WarAugust 1990-February 1991

• August 2, 1990, Iraq Invaded Kuwait

Persian Gulf War

• Why did it start?• Operation Desert Shield• Operation Desert Storm• Results: – Coalition Force victory, Iraqi withdrawl from Kuwait,

destruction of Iraqi/Kuwaiti infrastructure• Coalition-482 dead, Iraq-20,000-35,000• 1991-2003– No-fly zone, weapons inspectors, WMD’s

No Fly Zone

Iraq War 2003-2011

• President Bush told the nation that Saddam Hussein was getting WMD’s and was not allowing weapons inspectors into his country

• US invades Iraq in March, 2003

• War ends under President Obama in December, 2011

• Obama pledged to end war

Iraq War

• Us never found any WMD• President Bush has said he would do the same

thing over again as “the world is a better place with Saddam Hussein in it”

• US did end Saddam’s reign and established a democratic government

• War in Iraq became very unpopular

The Capture, Trial and Execution of Saddam Hussein

Abu Ghraib Prison Abuse

Waterboarding

• How did the Persian Gulf War eventually lead to 9-11?– Since late 1990, US has had US troops stationed

somewhere in the Middle East to this very day– Al-Qaeda saw the United States as the new

invaders(instead of the Soviets) of the Islamic world

– Al-Qaeda started going after us

al-Qaeda Attacks in the 1990’s

• 1993 World Trade Center bombing

• Osama bin Laden declares jihad against the US in 1997

• US embassy bombings in Kenya and Tanzania in 1998

• USS Cole attack in 2000 in Yemen

• 9-11-01 attacks in New York and Washington D.C.

War in Afghanistan

• US invaded Afghanistan in October, 2001

• The Taliban, Afghanistan’s government from 1995-2001, allowed al-Qaeda to train there

• President Obama plans to have all troops out by the end of 2014

• Bush Doctrine– policy that says the

United States had the right to secure itself against countries that harbor or give aid to terrorist groups

– used to justify the 2001 invasion of Afghanistan and the 2003 invasion of Iraq

US Losses

Iraq• Almost 4,500 killed• Over 32,000 wounded

Afghanistan• Over 2,300 killed