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Spanish-American War
U.S. becomes a Superpower
Isolationism vs. Expansionism
• Isolationism > national policy of avoiding involvement in world affairs.
• No alliances.• No conflicts.• Spur economy.
• Expansionism > actions used by one nation to exercise political or economic control over a smaller or weaker nation.
• Why become imperialistic?
Reasons for Expansion
• Superiority > Anglo-Saxonism• European competition• Strategic military bases• New markets for expanded trade• Natural resources• Protect investments
What country is this?
Cuba
Why is Cuba important?
• Proximity to the U.S. >> 100 miles
• Owned by Spain• One-third of the
world’s sugar• $100 million of U.S.
trade per year• Cubans want
freedom
Cuban Revolution
• Jose Marti-Cuban writer and revolutionary
• U.S. was officially neutral
• U.S. citizens support Cubans Why?
Spain’s Reaction
• Spain sends 200,000 troops to the island
• General Valeriano Weyler (“The Butcher”)
• Cubans destroyed American properties. Why?
• Spain sets up concentration camps
New President, New Policy?
• William McKinley is elected in 1896
• Productive diplomacy with Spain
• Cuban rebels still called for independence
• McKinley sends ships
February 15, 1898-sinking of the Maine
What is yellow journalism?
• Writers exaggerated or made up the news stories to attract readers. Why?
• Newspapers in 1898• Who used yellow journalism in 1898?• 2 tycoon journalists
William Randolph Hearst
Joseph Pulitzer
War Begins
• Commodore George Dewey attacks the Philippines (a Spanish possession)
• Battle over by noon
• 1 U.S. death
War in Cuba
• U.S. Army is poorly trained• Community based fighting units• Swamps >> malaria and yellow fever• Buffalo Soldiers >> Who led them?• Stephen Crane >> wrote battle
stories
Who were the Rough Riders?
Rough Riders
• Voluntary unit of the First Cavalry
• Leonard Wood and Theodore Roosevelt
• Diverse backgrounds
• Battle of San Juan Hill
Treaty of Paris
• Cuba given independence (with U.S. protection)
• U.S. gains the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam (formerly Spanish possessions)
• U.S. gives Spain $20 million
The Big Picture
• 4 month war• 385 U.S. deaths from battle• 2,061 U.S. deaths from disease• Healed sectional wounds• Made U.S. a naval power >> Need
for a canal to connect oceans