CCOT and COMPARATIVE

BIG IDEASand

Vocab

CONTINUITY in politics and social classes

From the earliest civilizations to the present, political leaders and governments had connections or were somehow tied to religion.

Religious leaders were often in the elite classes.

Egyptian pharaoh, Mandate of Heaven, Caliph, Akbar made his own religion, Divine Right, Iranian Revolution

"The National Government will preserve and defend those basic principles on which our nation has been built.  It regards Christianity as the foundation of our national morality, and the family as the basis of national life."— Adolf Hitler, Berlin, 1933, first radio address after coming to power

"We believe democracy is an atheist call that idolizes human beings."—Ansar al-Sunnah

CHANGE in politics in the WEST and later in Asia & Africa (1750 to 1900) & (1900-Present)

The RISE OF SECULAR GOVERNMENTS Political structures in some regions were

NO LONGER directly connected to religious institutions.

Governments’ power was not based on religious ideology – but on other ideas such as: Popular sovereignty Military leadership Ability to rule

Causes and ExamplesCauses: Enlightenment (1450-1750) Post-WWs disillusion (1900 to present)

Examples: U.S. government (1770s)

Believing that religion is a matter which lies solely between man and his God . . . I contemplate with sovereign reverence that act of the whole American people which declared that their Legislature should "make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof," thus building a wall of separation between Church and State .

Thomas Jefferson

Causes and ExamplesCauses: Enlightenment (1450-1750) Post-WWs disillusion (1914 to present)

Examples: U.S. government (1770s) French governments (1800s) Communist Russia (1918) Turkey (from former Ottoman) (1920s) Communist China (1940s)

Religion is the sigh of the oppressed creature. It is the opium of the people. The abolition of religion as the illusory happiness of the people is required for their real happiness.

Karl Marx

ECONOMIC CHANGES2000s bce Neolithic Revolution

(agriculture) leads to permanent settlements

200s bce - 400s ce Classical Trade

Classical period saw more trade as classical empires in Mediterranean, India, and China helped foster trade

ECONOMIC CHANGES INDIAN OCEAN, SILK ROADs,

Trans-Saharan Trade

700s – 1000s ce Islamic Empire

1300s – MONGOLS!

ECONOMIC CHANGES1450 – 1750s ce European

Expansion Americas, Africa, Asia, Atlantic and

Indian Ocean connections (Triangle trade, slave trade)

More “world” in world trade. Global commerce begins due to silver moving to China.

ECONOMIC CHANGESLate 1700s to 1900 Industrial

Revolution first in Europe, then US, then Russia and Japan

Manufacturing and commerce became the base of many economies. Political, social, and gender results. The WEST began to dominate.

ECONOMIC CHANGES19th century Imperialism and

Colonialism World trade increases as Europeans

and US take control of many parts of Africa and Asia.

ECONOMIC CHANGES1900s Consumerism Emphasis on consumer goods in the

economy began in the West.

1930s Global Economic Crisis (between the world wars) Economies of the

West declined with major implications for the dependent economies of Latin America, Africa, & Asia

CONTINUITIES in POLITICS and SOCIAL CLASSES

The military had an important role in the government and politics of regions and empires.

Warriors/military leaders have often been in the elite classes.

Some evidence Classical Civs were all based on expansion and then

dominance through military might or alliances (1st centuries bce to 3rd centuries ce).

Islamic Empire expanded through military conquest. (8th centuries to 11th century).

Mongol armies built the largest land empire in the world (13th century).

Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires and Aztec & Inca. (13th to 17th centuries)

The America, French, Haitian (18th), Latin American (19th), and Russian Revolutions (20th) were military based.

Ashoka, Muhammad, Knights, Samurai, Aztec warriors, Chinggis Khan, George Washington, Mao

CONTINUITIES in POLITICS

From the earliest civilizations to the present, the military has had an important role in the government and politics of regions and empires.

EXCEPTIONS, Chinese scholar gentry had power over

the military in times of stability and were in an equivalent social class.

SOME AP VOCAB Demographics – make-up of human populations (ethnic,

religious, regional)

Political structure or system – how the government is set up (and its bureaucracy)

Social hierarchy – social class (the caste system was only

in India)

SOME AP VOCAB Labor systems – how people work, work

patterns Coercive labor system – forced labor like

slavery or indentured servitude. Elite – upper class

Gender systems – roles of men and women